An Integrative Framework Of Management Perspectives Religion Essay

An Integrative Framework Of Management Perspectives Religion Essay Management has become a part and parcel of everyday life, be it at home, in the office or factory and in government. In all organizations, where group of human beings assemble for a common purpose, management principles come into play through the management of resources, finance and planning, priorities, policies and practice. Management is a systematic way of carrying out activities in any field of human effort (Bhattathiri, 2001). Efficacious and effective management is not possible without in-depth knowledge of the organisation which is being managed. Organisational knowledge is absolutely critical to building, preserving and leveraging institutional excellence. It is like the air you breathe-you cannot measure it, touch it, or see it but you cannot survive without it (Prasad, 2004)). The basic elements of management are always there whether we manage our lives or our business. In fact, management is used knowingly or unknowingly by everybody born as human being on this earth. We are all managers of our own life and the practice of management is found in every facet of human activity: schools, business, government, unions, armed forces, families and religious places. Thus, management has become an exciting and entertaining subject because it deals with setting, seeking and achieving objectives. It makes human efforts more productive. It brings order and effectiveness to the efforts of the people. It brings better equipment, plants, offices, products, services and human relations to our society. There is no substitute for good management and good management consists of showing average people how to do the work of superior people. Society is a collection of individuals and individuals constitute society. Every individual has several needs and wants but it is impossible for him to satisfy all his desires and wants with his own efforts alone. Thus, he joins hands with others and works in organised groups to achieve what he cannot achieve singlehandedly. Today, the society has large and complex institutions with many people working together. In other words, when a number of persons join together for the attainment of some common objectives, organisation comes into being. Whatever may be the nature and kind of the organisation, it cannot run successfully unless there is someone to manage its affairs. Management is an essential part of any group activity. It is the management which plans, organises, co-ordinates and controls the affairs of the organisation. It brings the human and physical resources together and motivates the people at work in order to create a cordial, congenial and harmonious environment in the o rganisation. To sum up, it can be said that an organisation is like an orchestra team. It is for the management to make music or a noise out of it. If there is an effective and efficient management, the result is sweet and melodious music; otherwise the result is chaotic and awful noise. CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT: The concept of management is as old as the human race itself. It is a universal phenomenon. It is not merely the monopoly of business houses. It is a part and parcel of every kind of decision making. It is the marshalling of manpower resources and strategy for getting a job done. Management is multifunctional in nature. It is a set of techniques and functional processes employed to maximize productive utilization of human, physical and natural resources for the benefit of all in a healthy physical and conceptual environment. Men, material, money, machinery and methods constitute human and physical resources. The physical environment consists of temperature; noise, light, ventilation; the tools which are employed; the methods of work; the material employed; the sequence in which the work is performed and other physical aspects. The conceptual, or mental, environment is concerned with the attitude or frame of mind of individual worker in the given environment. The manager has to provid e a positive and conducive environment where the worker gives his best to the institution. Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims (Koontz Weihrich, 1998). It involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are undertaken efficiently and effectively. Management puts ideas into action through and with people. Efficient management leads to productivity with peace, growth with harmony and brings out the best potential in people. Management creates harmony in working together, equilibrium in thought and action, goals and achievements, plan and performance, produce and market (Bhattathiri, 2001). When people are motivated and inspired, they run their organisations efficiently and profitably, produce quality goods and services and keep customers and clients satisfied (Bodhananda, 2007). Lack of management can create chaos and cause mayhem, perplexity, wastage, delay, obliteration, losses and low sense of worth. Management is about managing self, people and situations. Manager has to show the path on which his workforce can excel and stay focused. Managements task is to make people capable of joint performances and make their strength effective and make their weaknesses irrelevant (Drucker, 1998). It is the capability and capacity of the manager that can transform the situations to the best for all the stakeholders. If he is bestowed with the quality to judge the people and their talents then he can take them to the zenith of their performance. Management is helping ordinary people to produce extraordinary results (Someswarananda, 2005). Management, today, goes beyond giving just direction or getting work done by people. Manager has to think beyond results; he has also to create and sustain performers by inspiring them. Managers job is two-fold (1) To translate the dream in terms of project; and (2) To produce performers. Workmans job is to produce results from planning to execution. And supervisors duty is to solve the problems of workmen (Someswarananda, 2005). 1.2 MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES: The word perspective has been derived from the Medieval Latin word perpectiva (ars) science of optics, from the verb perspicere which means to look through (Oxford Dictionary). It implies a view or vista or a mental view or outlook of a person or an organisation. It also means the ability to perceive things in their actual interrelations or comparative importance (thefreedictionary.com). Management Perspectives provide an overview of the principles, skills, challenges and the other factors which the managers have to face today. These include the theoretical framework, ideas and techniques which can be applied to day-to-day work of an organization like planning, decision making, leadership, motivation, communication, human resource management, corporate social responsibility, change management and managerial skills and mantras required for effective and efficient working of the organization. It is a proved fact that management is not an action in isolation; it is rather the impact of total environment in which the organization exists. Starting from the management in antiquity to the management in modern times, the different perspectives of management at different points of time can be summed up briefly as under in an integrative manner: An Integrative Framework of Management Perspectives (Source: www.cab.edu.np) 1.3 HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT: Management has always been a part of the nature of man. In its crude form, it has been there from nomads to rulers of various kingdoms. Management as a field of study may be just 125 years old, but management ideas and practices have actually been used from the earliest times of recorded history. For example, 2,500 years before management researchers called it job enrichment, the Greeks learned that they could improve the productivity of boring repetitious tasks by performing them to music. The basic idea was to use a flute, drum, or sing lyrics to pace people to work in unison, using the same efficient motions, to stimulate them to work faster and longer, and to make even a boring work or job interesting and entertaining. While we can find the seeds of many of todays management ideas throughout history, not until the last two centuries, however, did systematic changes in the nature of work and organizations create a compelling need for managers. Examples of management thought and pr actice can be found all through the history (Williams, 2009). This has been shown in the table below. Table-1.1 Management Ideas and Practice throughout History Time Group Contribution to Management Thought and Practice 5000 B.C. Sumerians Record keeping 4000 B.C. Egyptians Recognized the need for planning, organizing, and controlling 2000 B.C. Egyptians Requests submitted in writing. Decisions made after consulting staff for advice 1800 B.C. Hammurabi Established controls by using writing to document transactions and by using witnesses to vouch for what was said or done 600 B.C. Nebucha Production control and wage incentives 500 B.C. Sun Tzu Strategy; identifying and attacking opponents weaknesses 400 B.C. Xenophon Management recognized as a separate art 400 B.C. Cyrus Human relations and motion study 175 Cato Job descriptions 284 Diocletian Delegation of Authority 900 Alfarabi Listed leadership traits 1100 Ghazali Listed managerial traits 1418 Barbarigo Different organizational forms/structures 1436 Venetians Numbering, standardization, and interchangeability of parts 1500 Sir Thomas Critical of poor management More and leadership 1525 Machiavelli Cohesiveness, power, and leadership in organizations (Source: C. S. George, Jr., The History of Management Thought, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1972) Concept of management has undergone a sea change since its inception, as a formal subject, in the early 1900s. From the set of principles evolved the scientific management theory of F. W. Taylor and it played a role as a prominent theory till 1950s. Focus of management then shifted to decision theory. In 1960s, systems orientation emerged. Change and contingency management of 1970s was followed by new approaches to human relations and production quality in the 1980s and archetype management in 1990s. Journey of management thought is depicted briefly in the table below- Table-1.2 Major Classification of Management Approaches and their Contributors Pre-classical Contributors to Management Thought Name Contribution Robert Owen Proposed legislative reforms to improve working conditions of labour Charles Babbage Advocated the concept of division of labour; devised a profit-sharing plan which led to the modern-day Scanlon Plan Andrew Ure and Charles Dupin Advocated the study of management Henry R. Towne Emphasized the need to consider management as a separate field of study and the importance of business skills for running a business. Major Classification of Management Approaches Major Contributors Classical approach Scientific management Frederick W. Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and Henry Gantt Bureaucratic management Max Weber Administrative management Henri Fayol Behavioral approach Group influences Mary Parker Follet Hawthorne studies Elton Mayo Maslows needs theory Abraham Maslow Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor Model I versus Model II values Chris Argyris Quantitative approach Management science Operations management Management information system Modern approaches The Systems Theory Contingency Theory Emerging approaches: Theory Z and Quality management William Ouchi (Source-https://sites.google.com/site/early-approaches-to-management) Under various approaches, management was described from different points of view largely depending on the perspective and background of the management thinker. Koontz identifies eleven approaches to the management concept, which are as follows: The  empirical approach  states that we can understand what management is by determining what contributed to success or failure in specific cases. The  interpersonal behaviour approach  is based on getting things done through people and therefore, management is centered in understanding relationships (psychology). The  group behaviour approach  emphasizes the behaviour of people within groups and thus tends to rely on sociology, anthropology, and social psychology. Often this interest in-group behaviour patterns is named organizational behaviour. The  cooperative social system approach  (organizational theory) combines elements of the interpersonal and group behaviour approaches into a system called the organization where the primary purpose is co-operation. The  socio-technical system approach  adds to the previous approach the dimension of technical systems. It is believed that the machines and methods have a strong influence on the social system and that the task of the manager is to ensure harmony between the social and technical systems. The  decision theory approach  believes that management is characterized by decision making and therefore a systematic approach to decision-making essentially outlines management. The  systems approach  to management, like biological systems, views managements role within an assemblage of subsystems, inputs, and processes within an environment, all of which are interconnected and/or interdependent. This may not be a different approach but is a holistic view of management, providing place for elements of the other approaches to be incorporated. The  management science approach  believes that problems can be described within a mathematical model basic relationships in such a way that the goal may be optimized. The  situational approach  states that, management action depends on the situation taking into account the influence of given actions on the behaviour patterns of individuals and the organization. This is a practical approach, which hints at the art (viz, science) of management. The  managerial roles approach  is based on research by Mintzberg as to the roles (functions) managers fill. The  operational approach  is an attempt to combine elements of all of the above-mentioned approaches, taking what is applicable, discarding that which is not, and developing an approach to management that indicates the complexity and variedness of what is expected of the manager (Koontz, 1980). However, all these approaches are lacking in one aspect or the other. Concept of management has evolved over the years and is an ongoing process; it changes and improves as the environment changes. The discipline of management is just 100 years old. By and large, it is a product of industrial revolution. Hence, its intellectual traditions are rooted in engineering and economics. Later it was influenced by psychology, sociology and other related disciplines. During recent years, yoga, meditation and spirituality have also started influencing the field of management (Sharma, 2006). During the 1990s, the evolution of spirituality and management theories converged and triggered a bold interest in formulating spirituality based theories and research within the academic management domain, resulting in the formulation of a new discipline (Rojas, 2005). In the present epoch, internationally operated organisations are stirring towards holistic approach to management. Holistic approach takes under its ambit the whole organisation, systems, people and culture. Holistic approach can bring better results for modern organisations to deal with complex issues in global environment, because according to Aristotle, whole is more than the sum of its parts (Abbasi, Rehman and Bibi, 2010) 1.4 MANAGEMENT TODAY: People who are making judicious use of available resources and effectively managing to earn high profits and returns are not sure if its worth it. They feel defeated in spite of being successful. The reason is that money is being minted through unethical and immoral means. Industrialists today are doing the right things for their ventures but not necessarily doing things the right way. Indian companies are in a state of flux, more bewilderment, conflict and tension persists in its working and less emphasis is on the issues of productivity, motivation, principles, morals, ideals and ethics. The reason for this state of affairs is too much dependence on western models of management. The management philosophy emanating from the west is based on the lure of materialism and on a perennial thirst for profits, irrespective of the quality of the means adopted to achieve that goal (Bhattathiri, 2001). There is a spurt in corporate scandals since the focus of most business houses is to earn more and more money. Almost every year, it seems, some scandal envelops a Fortune 500 company and causes a new spasm of public distrust of big corporations. This years occurrence probably should not be surprising; in the competitive marketplace, the temptation to cut ethical corners can be hard to resist (Zipkin, 2000). Corporate, do not stop to think and contemplate the effect of their greed on the stakeholders. There is insatiable hunger for success at any cost. In their unquenchable desire for number one position, corporate are becoming ruthless, forgetting their duties towards the society at large. The world today is so corruptible, gullible and materialistic that many corporations and nations operate without a soul conscience. The capitalistic bottom-line of maximizing profits has become the benchmark for purported success, pervading international, regional, national and organizational leve ls (Noor, 2004). Management has been reduced to a handmaid of profiteering. The maximizing of profits becomes the ultimate goal, to the exclusion of all other considerations (Gupta, 2000). We are aware that with its axis on privatization and liberalization, national and world economic order is gradually becoming market oriented and globalised. Capital is todays integrating factor. Those who have or can access to resource stand to benefit from this economy while others are being marginalized (Xavier, 1999). Corporate houses that are becoming aware of their ethical and social responsibilities towards the society are only following the mandatory responsibilities. Contemporary research has found that while around three quarters of major Australian companies believe it is the responsibility of their boards to set an appropriate tone from the top and monitor organizational performance against a formal code of conduct, 84 percent of the companies that has promulgated a code of ethics reported that they did not actually monitor compliance with it (International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2005, KPMG, Australia). This is also the case of companies in many developed as well as developing economies. There is awakening of moral and ethical responsibilities but much more needs to be done at the local and global level. Lately, however, corporate America seems to be doing more than just paying lip service to standards of management behaviour. For all the controversy surrounding the F irestone/Ford tyre recall, and the questions it raises about the potential for corporate wrongdoing, a growing number of big companies are enacting strict ethical guidelines and backing them up with internal mechanisms to enforce them. While some consider the changes little more than window dressing, there is no doubt that change is afoot (Zipkin, 2000). In the present era, corporate sector desires to own workers not humans. Materialism has crept into the roots of the corporate world. Materialistic management has done more harm than good. The capitalist has grown richer, man has been reduced to a hired wage-earner and the consumer has been placed at the mercy of the materialistic manager. There is no sense of belonging, no harmony, no co-operative organisation, no fellow-feeling and the least common approach and perspective (Gupta, 2000). 1.5 NEED TO RECONNECT TO THE ROOTS: There is more to management than just earning profits and more to the role of a manager than achieving the organisational objectives. He has to become the watch dog to see that nothing detrimental is done by the company at the cost of the stakeholders. He has to stay connected to the roots of his religion and culture while performing his job. Sharma (2001) argues that for a management system, to be effective, it has to be rooted in the cultural soil of the country, where it is practiced. Many communities and countries in the world are now trying to discover and explore their own system of management, which includes accounting and financial management, human resource management, corporate governance, and also CSR (Muniapan, 2008). Not only eastern world but the western world of business is also realizing the need to reconnect to the roots of their religion and culture and to infuse their working with morals and ethics. Management thinkers, all over the world, are developing models of management by imbibing insight into their scriptures. These models are becoming powerful catalysts for transformation. A leadership and management paradigm that transcends narrows chauvinism, neo-conservation and jingoism, with a universal, egalitarian and magnanimous approach, is needed (Noor, 2004). Also models are being framed on world leaders with a semblance of altruistic inclinations. To really understand leadership, we need to put our ear to the ground of history and listen carefully to the ragas of human hopes, desires, and aspirations, and the follies, disappointments, and triumphs of those who led and those who followed them. As per the Confucius proverb, a man who reviews the old so as to find out the new is qualified t o teach others. Management needs to be sprinkled with ideals of religion. For the sustainable development of the enterprise the need is to look for long term benefits of all stakeholders, not base decisions for short term benefits to the individuals. The best way out in the situation, is to take shelter under the teaching of the scriptures. In our faith based vision we see God at work in the world and in all creation moving mankind towards a world of justice, peace and love. This is social humanism. Management being a worldly enterprise and part of creation has to position itself in alignment with this divine purpose, our policies and mega plans are to be attuned to this divine plan over percent and active in creation (Xavier, 1999). Various studies have been carried out to study the effect of interplay between management and religion and results depict positive outcome. In a study conducted at the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt by Tan and Vogel (2005), it was noted that trustworthiness inc reases with religiosity and people with higher level of religiosity, are more likely to trust and be trusted in their relationships. In a doctoral study conducted by Werner (2006) found that religious beliefs (Christianity) play an important role in SME business behaviour in both the UK and Germany (Uygur, 2009). Since management is primarily concerned with managing people, managers needs to take guidance of specific magnitude of man-management such as believing and being open to people and their ideas, acknowledging them in various roles of life, serving and loving them. Need of the hour is to develop managers with focus on human excellence comprising competence, conscience and compassionate concern along with academic and technical competencies. The prevalent limited view of education with an exclusive focus on academic excellence and technical competence is fraught with dangers as we can produce people who are advanced intellectually or competent technically but in the meantime remain emotionally underdeveloped and morally and spiritually immature (Xavier, 1999). Ryuzaburo Kaku, Chairman, Canon Inc. in 1988 envisaged the corporate philosophy to begin a new phase in the 50 year old companys evolution. He expressed this philosophy as the achievement of corporate growth and development, with the aim of contributing to global prosperity and the well-being of humankind. This is the idea behind kyosei. According to the concept of kyosei, a corporate should make every effort to create wealth by fair means and, in terms of the distribution of profits; it should play a very active role as a company that assumes global social responsibilities. The view, that kyosei limits competition is way off the mark. Although it is crucial to eliminate unfair competition, kyosei can be seen as being a prerequisite to fair competition between independent corporations. The idea of kyosei was also adopted by the Caux Round Table (CRT), founded in 1986 and named after the Swiss town of Caux where it began meeting. It is an informal group of business leaders from Europe , U.S. and Japan who had the converging experience that corporate business can, without losing performance, act as a tool to provide a better service to society when the goal of serving the common good is not forgotten, let alone rejected. The group wrote its own guidelines for corporate ethical standards based on the Japanese concept of kyosei, which Mr. Ryuzaburu Kaku, chairman of Canon Inc. and most prominent participant in the CRT, translated as living and working together for the common good. The other key word was human dignity, without which the common good can disintegrate into despotism. In fact, both keywords, common good/kyosei and human dignity, could be found in the document of the MCCR (Minnesota Center for Corporate Responsibility). Peter Drucker also stressed that religion can have a positive influence on the world of work and, indeed, on the world at large. Society needs to return to spiritual values-not to offset the material but to make it fully productive, he asserts that we need to reconnect to religion to imbibe compassion and empathy in corporate relationships. Drucker continues, It needs the deep experience that the  Thou  and the  I  are one, which all higher religions share. The concept of whole self is catching up with the corporate world. Religion is considered by many to be a constituent component of human anthropology. The change in orientation by executives and consultants fit well with the present experience economy paradigm, which demands distinctive personal experience for the customers based on endemic human qualities such as human values. Ideally, then, organizational models which allow the whole person to come to work are sought as a means to empower employees and possibly in turn f or those employees to meet unique and personal demands of the customers. For example, Mitroff and Denton (1999) held that companies that have a spiritual dimension and allow the whole person to come to work have employees with higher loyalty, lower absenteeism, and greater creativity (Miller and Ewest, 2010). People working in the corporate sector all over the globe do not want to segregate their life but wish to live a holistic life and bring their whole self to work, including their faith. This concept has been termed as the Faith at Work Movement or Spirituality and Work Movement by David Miller. The worldwide economic crisis elicited in 2008 has strengthened this concept. Religion is present in the workplace as per the researchers and academicians. The need is that they provide the business professionals with a set of universal religious manifestations to allow business professionals to understand, measure, and as appropriate adjust the policies pertaining to the spiritual environment of and impacts on their organization. Max Weber was one of the first thinkers in the modern times to depict the interconnection of religion and management in 1905 but his observations of the affect of religious values on marketplace activity were suppressed due to organizational and economic structures and normative practices but now his ideas have resurfaced. The business world is recognizing the need to integrate faith with work because it encompasses issues such as ethics, leadership, diversity, human rights, and globalism and managers and employees can benefit both corporately as well as personally. 1.6 MANAGEMENT AND OTHER RELIGIONS: The concept of modernization without westernization is catching up with management thinkers, especially in the eastern world. Need is to act globally while staying rooted to the local values, norms and culture. Corporate world in the eastern region is going under the safe haven of religion. All the religions encourage serving the society, promoting the peoples well being and safeguarding the natural resources. Buddhism lays emphasis on ethics, virtuous behaviour, morality and precept. It advocates purity of thought, word, and deed. Christianity is centered on the life and teachings of Jesus from the New Testament. Its teachings call for ethical, spiritual, and just behaviour. Taoism advocates imbibing of three gems of Tao i.e. compassion, moderation, and humility. Islam believes that followers should strive to attain religious and moral perfection. Confucianism focuses on human morality and right action. It is a system of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious t hought. Hinduism preaches: have no personal interest in the event but carry out the duty as the duty of the lord and do not be affected by the results. 1.6.1 Management and Hinduism: Indian economy is today the cynosure of the whole world because of its consistent growth which is leading to augmentation of interest in India, and its culture. As Western world attempts to better understand Indian culture, they may as well unearth that Indias ancient scriptures present insight into cultural customs and values and develop lessons for the corporate world to effectively use in and outside India. It has been reported that many of the top  business  schools in the United States have introduced self-mastery classes using Indian philosophy to help students improve their leadership skills. One of the more popular and useful of the ancient texts is the Bhagavad Gita. Using contextual analysis, this paper explores the leadership implications found in this classic text, and offers present day managers useful advice, regardless of their cultural orientation (Rarick and Nickerson, 2009). It was felt by the Indian Management thinkers that the western models needed certain modifications for implementation in the Indian Environment. Western model advocated the concept of knowledge worker whereas Indian model calls for the concept of wisdom worker. Depending completely on the western model might lead to success with stress and tension while in Indian model of management, success is accompanied with harmon

Draft

So it only means that segregation is very important! The students, teachers and school response health are at risk if wastes are not segregated. Everyone has to imply with the rules of segregation for us to be healthy. But now let's differentiate the non-biodegradable and biodegradable wastes. There are many kinds of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes and some of the examples of biodegradable wastes are: left-over, paper, wood ad etc. And the example of non-biodegradable wastes are: Styrofoam, plastics, hardstands and etc.Then non-biodegradable wastes are the ones who caused the calamities that happen in our society now a day. It takes more than 50 years for them to decompose. It is also the waste that will never break down into part of the earth. Non- biodegradable wastes are the main problem of the society. We humans are the major cause of the non-biodegradable waste everywhere; we create all sorts of plastic bags, glass, Styrofoam and etc. Even if we know that this waste w ill not decompose easily. How are we going to lessen the use of this non-biodegradable material?What can we do to help prevent calamities cause by this waste? Segregation is very important especially when we are talking about waste. We as an ordinary citizen of our country or as an ordinary student can help even in little hints that we do. We can prevent the calamities that get many persons life when we imply ourselves in the rules of waste segregation. We the research students choose to experiment the effect of mixing two kinds of waste. Why do we need to separate biodegradable wastes to non-biodegradable wastes?Why do we need to know the importance of segregation? In this way, we research students can help people who don't know the importance of this in solving environmental problems. Statement of the Problem: Since waste is one of the problems in this country, we conducted a research to help people know the importance of segregating waste. . In what way can students of SAPS help in lessening waste? 2. Is it possible to recycle mixed biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes? 3. How can we help people know the importance of segregation? Hypotheses: 1 .We as student of SAPS can help lessen wastes by knowing the proper segregation and helping minimize the waste in our society. 2. We think that we can recycle mixed biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste because mixed bio and non- biodegradable wastes is a new substance. 3. We as student think that we can help people know the importance of segregation if we do a creative project that explains hat segregation is truly that important. Significance of the Study: The study aims to give information about the importance of segregation inside and outside the campus.This study also has a goal to improve the use of non- biodegradable and biodegradable waste in our daily life. This study also aims to help in recycling the waste around us. This study has a goal to minimize calamities caused by the waste that don't deco mpose. The study aims to inform that if we know how to segregate we know how to take care of our environment. This has a goal to tell people to lessen the use of non-biodegradable waste or materials because this is the effect why our environment is polluted.This study aims to give the importance, cause and effect and the meaning of segregation of wastes. Scope and Limitations: This research is limited only to papers and plastic bottles. The researchers will get papers and plastic bottles in the trashcans they will find in Sat. Clara Parish School. Definition of Terms: Non-Biodegradable Waste It is the waste or object that cannot decompose or cannot easily decompose. Biodegradable Waste It is the waste or object that easily decompose. Mixing It is the process of combining two or more substances to form another substance.

Crime Against Women Essay

Although, women may be victims of all kinds of crime, be it cheating, murder, robbery, etc., yet the crimes in which only women are victims and which are directed specifically against them are characterised as â€Å"crime against women†. Broadly, crimes against women are classified under two categories: (1) Crimes under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which include seven crimes: (i) rape, (ii) kidnapping and abduction, (iii) dowry deaths, (iv) torture physical and mental (including wife battering), (v) molestation, and (vi) sexual harassment, and (vii) importation of girls. (2) Crimes under Special and Local Laws (SLL), which include seventeen crimes, of which the important ones are: (i) immoral traffic (1956 and 1978 Act), (ii) dowry prohibition (1961 Act), (iii) committing Sati (1987 Act), and (iv) indecent representation of women (1986 Act). It is equally important to clarify the concept of ‘violence’ against women. If we take ‘violence’ as â€Å"conduct which incurs the formal pronouncements of the moral condemnation of the community,† or â€Å"deviation from conduct norms of the normative groups†, the scope of cases of ‘violence against women’ becomes too broad. Narrowly, the term ‘violence’ has been applied to â€Å"physically striking an individual and causing injury† (Kempe, 1982; Gil, 1970), to â€Å"the act of striking a person with the intent of causing harm or injury but not actually causing it† (Gelles and Strauss, 1979), to â€Å"acts where there is the high potential of causing injury† (Strauss, 1980), and to â€Å"acts which may not involve actual hitting but may involve verbal abuse or psychological stress and suffering†. Megargee (1982: 85) has defined violence as the â€Å"overtly threatened or overtly accomplished application of force which results in the injury or destruction of persons or their reputation.† While understanding the concept of ‘violence’ and distinguishing it from concepts like ‘aggression’, ‘force’, and ‘coercion’, is both necessary and desirable, there is always the fear of getting bogged down in controversies relating to these concepts raised by various scholars. As a result, one may miss the very purpose of understanding broader aspects of the problem of â€Å"crime and violence against women†. ‘Violence’ must be recognised as a human phenomenon inasmuch as it consists of an act of one person which encroaches upon the freedom of another (Domenach, 1981: 30). Here, we consider the operational definition of violence as â€Å"force, whether overt or covert, used to wrest from the individual (the woman) something that she does not want to give of her own free will and which causes her either physical injury or emotional trauma or both†. Thus, rape, abduction, kidnapping, murder (all cases of criminal violence), dowry death, wife battering, sexual abuse, maltreatment of a widow and/or an elderly woman (all cases of domestic violence) and eve-teasing, forcing wife/daughter-in-law to go for feticide, forcing a young widow to commit sati, etc. (all cases of social violence), are issues which affect a large section of society. In the analysis of the problem of ‘crime against women’, we may focus on important issues like nature and extent of female crime in India, on identifying women who are generally victims of crime and violence, on those who are the perpetrators of crime and violence, on what motivates criminals to commit crimes or victimisers to use violence, and on measures which could contain the depersonalisation trauma of the victims.

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Grammarian Definition and Examples

A grammarian is a specialist in the grammar of one or more languages: a linguist. In the modern era, the term grammarian is sometimes used pejoratively to refer to a grammatical purist or prescriptivist--one whos primarily concerned with correct usage.According to James Murphy, the role of the grammarian changed between the classical era (Roman grammarians seldom ventured into the field of prescriptive advice) and the Middle Ages (It is precisely on this issue that medieval grammarians strike out into new areas) (Rhetoric in the Middle Ages, 1981). Observations Edward SapirThe man who is in charge of grammar and is called a grammarian is regarded by all plain men as a frigid and dehumanized pedant. It is not difficult to understand the very pallid status of linguistics in America.H.L. MenckenMore than once, plowing through profound and interminable treatises of grammar and syntax during the writing and revision of the present work, I have encountered the cheering spectacle of one grammarian exposing, with contagious joy, the grammatical lapses of some other grammarian. And nine times out of ten, a few pages further on, I have found the enchanted purist erring himself. The most funereal of the sciences is saved from utter horror by such displays of human malice and fallibility.Umberto EcoWhen the writer . . . says he has worked without giving any thought to the rules of the process, he simply means he was working without realizing he knew the rules. A child speaks his mother tongue properly, though he could never write out its grammar. But t he grammarian is not the only one who knows the rules of the language; they are well known, albeit unconsciously, also to the child. The grammarian is merely the one who knows how and why the child knows the language.Donatus, Roman GrammarianThe discipline of grammar developed parallel with that of rhetoric during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, and the two often overlapped. Grammar schools provided training necessary for a student before he entered a school of rhetoric . . .. The most famous Roman grammarian was Aelius Donatus, who lived in the fourth century after Christ and whose works were the basic grammatical texts for the Middle Ages...The Ars Minor of Donatus, his most read work, is limited to discussion of the eight parts of speech... but his fuller Ars Grammatica goes beyond strictly grammatical subjects to discuss, in Book 3, barbarism and solecism as faults of style as well as a number of ornaments of style also discussed by rhetoricians...Donatuss treatment of tropes and figures had great authority and was substantially repeated in handbooks by the Venerable Bede and other later writers. Since grammar was always more widely studied than rhetoric, and often out of Donatuss text, his discussion insured that these ornaments of style were known in later centuries even to students who did not study rhetoric as a separate discipline.Robert A. Kaster[In late antiquity, the] grammarian was, first, the guardian of the language, custos Latini sermonis, in a phrase of Seneca, or guardian of articulate utterance, in the description of Augustine. He was to protect the language against corruption, to preserve its coherence, and to act as an agent of control: thus, early in his history, we find the grammarian claiming the right to limit the grant of citizenship (civitas) to new usages. But by virtue of his command of the poetic texts, the grammarians guardianship extended to another, more general area, as guardian of tradition (historiae custos). The grammari an was the conservator of all the discrete pieces of tradition embedded in his texts, from matters of prosody (to which Augustine refers in his characterization) to the persons, events, and beliefs that marked the limits of vice and virtue.The two realms of the guardianship thus answered to the two divisions of the grammarians task, the knowledge of speaking correctly and the explication of the poets...

Human Trafficking in the United States Essays - 927 Words

In 1865 the United States passed the thirteenth amendment of the constitution which formally abolished the practice of slavery in the United States. Over a century has went by since this day, and yet somewhere behind the mask of freedom that our country holds with such pride lingers a hidden trade. This is the trade of modern day slavery that remains prevalent in our country. Despite the freedoms we are granted as a citizen of the United States,- human trafficking is an enormous issue that is often overlooked. In fact very little light is shown on this topic, but the awful reality is there. Every day women, children, and even men are kidnapped, taken from their families, and forced into free labor and sexual exploitation. According to a†¦show more content†¦These threats leave them in psychological shackles and too scared to do anything about their current situation, and in many cases victims feel as if there is nothing they could do anyways. They are trapped in lives of misery—often beaten, starved, and forced to work as prostitutes or to take grueling jobs as migrant, domestic, restaurant, or factory workers with little or no pay. This trade takes a personal and psychological toll on society, but it also facilitates the illegal movement of immigrants across borders and provides a ready source of income for organized crime groups and even terrorists. Whether it be coercion or force by any means a person uses to enslave another is wrong. When most people think of human trafficking they think of third world countries where little girls are sold for next to nothing, and when people think about trafficking in America they usually think of Asian and Eastern European women being brought int o the states. The truth is that it is actually 10 times more likely for an American girl to be trafficked inside the U.S., and according to The U.S. Department of State statistics almost 300,000 American children are and risk for trafficking into the sex industry. It’s scary to think that your child could be kidnapped or coerced, and ultimately pulled into this trade so close to home. We as American take pride in our country and like to believe we are safe, but these dangers lurk so close to home. It is also easyShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking And The United States1066 Words   |  5 PagesHuman trafficking has always been a though subject. Most Americans prefer to believe that this is a problem of the past, that it simply does not occur anymore. Others accept the fact that human trafficking exist, but in a far away reality, an incident homed only in poor, third world countries. This couldn’t be farther away from the truth. Human trafficking is a real and current problem in the United States, California being a hotspot for this issue, and with the Super Bowl in 2016 the problem willRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States1417 Words   |  6 PagesEach year about 17,500 individuals are brought into the United States and become victims of human trafficking. Every country has this problem and it has become the 3rd largest illegal industry worldwide. Human Trafficking is the trade of humans mainly for sexual slavery, but also forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker and sometimes others who take part in this act. Human trafficking is also used for organs or tissues, including surrogacy, ova removal, or making theseRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States962 Words   |  4 Pagestakes for cases to be prosecuted and to gain protections is very extensive. Intensifying the existing laws to better defend human trafficking victims is critical.The United States Government, in 2000, certified the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act. This act helps prosecute traffickers and support victims. Since then the number of recognized victims of trafficking has risen as well as trials and social service providers working with survivors. Because of this it gives researchers anRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesLooking the other way while close to 50% of the human trafficking in the United States end up in prostitution, what is going on in these states. The over sexed country does not help to stop it when we constantly promote sex in almost every aspect of life. People are losing their life to find a way to get to the United States through different forms of smuggling. Are these the people that we should be letting get in this country? Right under our nose the women, girls are being coerced into prostitutionRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States1740 Words   |  7 PagesHUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE UNITED STATES: WHY SOME STATES HAVE MORE HUMAN TRAFFICKING CALLS THAN OTHERS INTRODUCTION Human trafficking is a growing endemic affecting an estimated 35.8 million men, women, and children around the world annually, as reported by the Global Slavery Index (GSI). The United States is not immune to this problem and has successfully identified 21,434 cases of human trafficking through the National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline since 2007. As with crimes of thisRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States1250 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone talks about child trafficking? Do you think of children from third world countries being kidnapped or sold into the black market of human trafficking? Most of us probably think of human trafficking as being an issue that poor countries just have but, that isn’t the case. Human trafficking is alive and sadly thriving in the United States. According to Trafficking Source Center, 5,544 cases of human trafficking were reported in the United States in 2015. With human trafficking being around for soRead MoreHuman Trafficki ng And The United States Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesFACT SHEET Human trafficking in the United States Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons or modern day slavery, is an affront to the most basic of human freedoms. Human trafficking is a crime that strikes at the very heart of the American promise: freedom. In response to this abhorrent crime, government agencies and nongovernmental organizations have formed strong and growing partnerships aimed at ending this violation of fundamental civil rights and human dignity. 1. WhatRead MoreHuman Trafficking in the United States1603 Words   |  6 Pagesother countries to people in the United States. Imports and exports to and from the U.S include products as wide ranged as food, clothes, and even people. Human trafficking is a worldwide problem, including the United States. Currently, there are approximately 20.9 million people enslaved throughout the world with 2.5 million located in the United States. About 14,500 - 17,500 of foreign nationals are trafficked into the United States every year (Human trafficking statistics). These statistics showRead MoreHuman Trafficking in the United States2403 Words   |  10 PagesHuman Trafficking The United States has always been known for sticking their nose in places where it does not belong. America has been part of wars that could have been avoided, scandals that had nothing to do with the United States. Millions of lives over the years could have been spared if America would have just simply stayed where they belong. What if though, America feels like they have to get involved in forging affairs if they think it can cause or is causing a problem on American soil orRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States2136 Words   |  9 PagesHuman trafficking is a prominent problem within the United States that is often overlooked. The definition of human trafficking is, â€Å"Human trafficking - the illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation† (â€Å"Human trafficking†). People in the United States believe that human trafficking is a problem that occurs in other less dev eloped countries compared to the United States. What these individuals do not realize

Grocers Offering Natural Organic Products â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Grocers Offering Natural Organic Products? Answer: Introducation Whole Food Market is one of the world's largest chain grocers offering natural and organic products of quality. The chain store offers many customers with a variety of commodities such as ready food, pet, and organic supplies. Having begun from a humble background the organization has grown to be the world's Healthiest Grocery store. The organization continues to focus on sustaining community resources by educating the people on healthy eating as well as sustainable food practices(Dou, 2016). The company is present in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States making it an international organic food outlet. The grocery store started small after four local business people came up with the idea that the natural food industry could be established like a supermarket. Having previously garnered experience in the industry the co-founders found great success in their startup. At the moment the organization began very few natural food stores were retailing the products in the market. S ince its establishment, the company has continued to expand within the United States and across the globe. Mission Statement Though many companies operate under one unique mission statement, Whole Foods Market chose to operate on several core values. The company operates on the following major values: Satisfying, delighting and nourishing customers. Supporting their teams success and happiness. Creating wealth through growth and success. Continuously considering environmental needs. Enhancing stakeholders health by educating them. The organizational core values maintained by Whole Foods Market are shaped in a manner that allows for the sustainability of the organization for continued natural foods and products to its customers. From the organizational outline and core values it evident that it focuses remaining successful through unethical manner. Overview of products and services Whole Foods Market has strategically placed itself as a provider of natural foods through attaching an emphasis on the need of organic products (Glover, 2016). From the time of its establishment, the organization has continued to critically think on the products that it channels to the customers. Whole Foods Market targets individuals with dietary restrictions, natural products, and health enthusiasts. The organization defines quality in relation to ingredients, freshness of grocery and nutritive value. Due to the high quality of products, it offers to its markets the organization has created a wide array of readymade food. The business survives and thrives as a result of investing in customer satisfaction. Most interestingly, the company identified specific customer niche that it has continued to satisfy by meeting their needs over the years. Trained staff and customer education are some of the highest contributors to customer satisfaction by the company. Whole Foods Market also gives back to the society in the environment that it operates something that is an essential business responsibility(Mayne, 2017). The company offers each employee 20 hours of community services and works with farmers by helping them improve on the packaging of their products. Through the community give back initiatives the organization has on many occasions gained the favor of the environments that it operates. Whole Foods Market Growth Analysis Whole Foods Market started as a small establishment after John Mackey founded the business with $25000 that he received from his father. Compared to today store the store was relatively smaller, taking 10,500 square feet a small fraction of 55,000 square feet, which many stores hold today. The store continuously expanded to over ten stores in the 1980s. It strategic expansion in the 1990s saw the natural grocery food chain store acquire existing stores such as Natural Foods Market, Amrion, and Bread of life and Wellsprings Grocery. Through the acquisition, WFM grew to be the largest natural foods store in the United States by 2006. Acquiring Wild Oats in 2007 has long been viewed as the largest break through as it led to becoming dominant in the natural organic food industry(Obeng, 2016). The organization continuously strives to bring on board market dominance that its co-founders brought into the market. Target marketing The quality of products currently offered by WFM and their standards tend to make prices higher. Due to high prices and specific emphasis on only organic foods often limit the audience that the organization can cater for. The target audience is not only limited to the high prices that it can offer, but also as a result of the specific target on those customers willing to keep a healthy lifestyle(Pineda, 2016). Whole Foods Market changed the level of competition in the industry that it operates and is currently viewed s an upscale competitor within the natural food market. Due to this view, the brand gained names such as the Whole PayCheck as a result of the high prices that it offers in a market that it commands. Competitor Analysis Unlike the time when the company was founded, currently, it faces stiff competition from companies that have invested in natural foods. The reason behind this is the fact that the market niche has evolved to a highly populated market. Current competition can be associated with the trend on a healthy lifestyle in many societies today. Competition mainly comes from those organizations that specialize in organic products, such as Trade Joe`s and Sprouts Farmers Market. However, competing stores lack market reputation as compared to WFM and thus focus more on creating value to their customers. Increased emphasis on low prices and creation possess as the largest threat by competitors towards WFM. Apart from direct competition, Whole Foods Market also faces indirect competition from other groceries that are a well known store that has integrated organic and natural foods into their shelves. Grocery stores such as Safeway and Ralphs currently serve as outlets of organic foods (Mayne, 2017). Wal-Mart currently sales more than 18% of all groceries consumed in the country and cannot be ignored as a competitor. WFM thus is being subjected to immense competition from all angles. To analyze competitors within the industry, the paper focuses on other players in the market who are Weis Markets Inc and Sprouts Farmers Market to provide the strategic position for Whole Foods Market in the natural food market. Weis Market Inc Overview Weis Market, Inc started small by its founders Sigmund and Harry in 1912 as a neighborhood store. It was located at Market Street which is in Sunbury in the state of Pennsylvania. The company has since grown to become one of the largest outlets within the United States with presence almost in every state. It is mostly associates in stores, manufacturing facilities, and corporate office. The organization was built on self-reliance and they use their own products to produce the majority of the food products that they sell to the market. However, in their endeavors to grow natural food industries have supported local farmers who serve as their main suppliers. The company prides its self for its long commitment to promoting a mutual interaction with its neighborhoods. Social responsibility has remained a pillar of its growth since it offers donations through community health care organizations and clinic programs(Mujtaba, 2016). The company is environmentally friendly as they have instal led energy efficient equipment in their natural food stores. Weis Market Inc Opportunities Weis Market Inc has an opportunity to grow through establishments of partnership that are continuously helping it grow. To enhance its supply chain in the market the organization has partnered with InnerWorkings Inc which is a leading marketing execution firm to aid it in promoting its business. InnerWorkings according to this collaboration will help Weis Market in enhancing its direct mail campaigns, print strategies and programs. All logistics that are to be involved in the marketing expertise will also be executed by InnerWorkings as per their agreement(Mayne, 2017). Through this partnership, InnerWorkings will expand Weis Market supplier network through ensuring brand consistency across the regional grocery chain. Through the shortening of its lead time, Weis Markets will be able to access real-time data through a platform run by InnerWorkings. This partnership provides an opportunity for Weis Market to expand the market as well as increase their return on investment. Weis Market Inc Strategy Weis Market, Inc. drives a culture that is focused on increasing sales. Through its initiative, the company focuses more on improved operating practices as well as increasing its sales. By initiating a disciplined growth in its markets, the company has continued to believe that its market share in the natural food industry will equally increase to a reasonable extent. Initiatives that the company has focused on towards increasing sales are remodeling its stores, strategically acquiring other companies and investing in establishing new stores. Communicating management goals to its diverse associates has worked in establishing ways that have continuously helped in its strategic plans. Meaningful differentiation as a strategy has worked for the company through making an understanding of consumer needs. An initiative builds on customer satisfaction is instrumental to the growth of future markets(Grewal, 2017). A focus on local residents, shopping experience, and excellent customer service seem to have paved a way for the future success of the business. Through the incorporation of information technology, the company continuously offers a better customer experience to its customers. Information technology has enabled the company to educate its customers on the need of investing in healthy lifestyles that are essential. Sprouts Farmers Market Overview Sprouts Farmers Market is one of the leading food retailers globally. The company offers to the market groceries that are fresh, organic and natural foods. Having started in 2011it has grown to be among the most notable organizations dealing with natural foods globally. Through its various initiatives Sprouts, has continuously made the shopping experience affordable for those who invest in healthy lifestyles(Dou, 2016). Its stores are modeled in a setting that is approachable to all its customers. Sprouts Farmer's market invests more on its customers healthy living which is in line with current social needs. Sprouts Farmers Market Opportunities Though Sprouts Farmers Market operates a private label, it still has an opportunity to command a relative market globally. Many companies that operated under private labels are currently global success stories. Since a majority of its competitors often apply a low pricing strategy apart the company can change its approach on pricing to win its clients. Most of its clients are likely to have disposable income and health needs and thus quality is of importance. Since quality does not auger well with low pricing the company can apply competitive pricing in marketing its natural food. Competitive pricing would absorb customers from low priced grocery stores as we as those from high-priced stores such as WFM. Sprouts Farmers Market Strategies Sprouts Farmers Market has established a produce section that draws customers into the market. Customers buying from the grocery store are in a position to benefit from discounts up to 20% as compared to their competitors. Through competitive pricing Sprouts, Farmers Market has been able to achieve a high inventory turnover and reduced the cost of waste(Glover, 2016). In the traditional store model groceries used to generate a lot of waste unlike in the current stores run by Sprouts. Sprouts Farmers Market thus has managed to unlock the operating margin that was not previously notable. Sprouts currently compete largely on brand identity and price. Through its production model, it is able to sustain its food supply chain, while at the same time offering its clients` large discounts(Pineda, 2016). It understands that the grocery industry that is densely populated and thin profit margins in the market are favorable if sales a steady. Through offering discounts it has been able to disrupt some of its competitors operating models. Through its tactic, it has grown to be a darling of many natural food consumers. Entrepreneurial practices carried out by Weis Market Weis Market, entrepreneurial practices revolve around the organization's ability to take risks given its wide growth over time. Since most of the stores are located in urban centers where competition is high their entrepreneurship initiatives are more oriented towards commanding several markets. The company has developed a culture that values customers in the supply chain something that helps it win their confidence. Growing customer experience has remained of the essence something that has seen it invest more in emerging technologies. Recently the company redesigned its website as well as mobile to enable customers to optimize their experience while using the platform(Obeng, 2016). These updates saw the natural foods giant bring on board new recipes, weekly circulars, and ease in creating an account for customers. Changes help in increasing customer base for the company given those customers currently admire buying items online. Through the entrepreneurial initiatives, Weis will be able to build better relationships with vendors. Improving entrepreneurial practices in Weis Market Inc Currently, many companies globally are implementing green logistics in the environment where they thrive. Weis Market Inc is not an exemption having successfully managed to come with an innovative technology that recycles wax card boards. The waxed cardboard is used for the storage and shipment of vegetables and other products. Coming up with initiatives that are environmentally friendly is a means of creating an entrepreneurial culture that is environmentally friendly. The organization should thus focus on ways of recycling their natural products waste to with the aim of utilizing resources effectively(Glover, 2016). Through creating a partnership it will be able to sell its material waste to partners and check off some of the losses. Weis Market Inc should also focus on new markets through integrating natural foods and other foods. Though such an initiative may compromise its mission and reason of creation it would actually work in ensuring that it harnesses more customers. It is evident that in the wake of GMO`s no customer can be convinced that all organic foods are pure (Pineda, 2016). If Weis Market integrates other products into its supply chain and invests in labeling the products customers would remain confident in the products. Entrepreneurial practices carried out by Sprouts Farmers Market Sprout Farmers Market operates its business in an old fashion manner something that has helped it attract customers. Though its business has often adopted information technology initiatives the undertakings have been made to relate to its business culture. As an entrepreneur, the company appreciates the need of offering customers natural food that is fresh at relatively low prices. Due to its entrepreneurial culture, the business has expanded steadily in few years to become a notable player in the market that it operates(Alkon, 2016). Though the company faced challenges during the time of its merger with Sun Harvest and Sunflower Farmers Market, the company management is still able to create a growth path that is profitable in the future. Sprouts Farmers Market values its customer in its entrepreneurial initiatives. Due to its consideration on its the customers, it created an internal help desk that would be instrumental in enhancing interaction with customers. Through the desk, the organization has been able to source for feedback on their customer's experience as well as answering their queries with ease. The retailer is currently focused in creating a platform for investment through acquisition and technological upgrade. Improving entrepreneurship practices in Sprouts Farmers Market Though Sprouts Farmers Market has improved their entrepreneurial undertaking they can do better. Through their technology steering committee, the organization is in a position to decide on the best technologies that it can implement to become a market leader in grocery sales. This can be done through offering technological infrastructure that integrates customer, vendor and business process (Glover, 2016). Integrating the process ensures communication across the supply chain of natural food which is a value adding activity. Technology will also work in improving how the organization receives real time data regarding its customers and suppliers. The data will be utilized in ensuring that organizational business processes match the needs of all stakeholders. Improving the current lines of communication within sprouts is also of the essence if the organization's entrepreneurial culture is to move to the next stage. Reducing the number of emails sent to the organization employees is one of the processes that should be undertaken to improve communication (Pineda, 2016). The organization can invest more on cloud communication as well as improve their media position. This can be improved by partnering with social media providers such as Facebook to disseminate more information about the current products offered by the company and their benefits. Through its Chatter box, the organization will continue to create a better platform aimed coordinating organizational activities with ease. Proposal on improving Weis Market Inc and Sprout Farmers There is a growing demand for healthy and natural foods across the Market globe especially due to the emergence of lifestyle diseases. Both Weis and Sprout are key stakeholders in the retail of natural foods and have to invest more in marketing these products globally. These companies should partner with health care providers in providing customers with potential information on the essence of natural foods. Health care providers can serve as best marketers since they can brief the public on vital information that they can trust(Alkon, 2016). The organization need to invest more in funding initiatives carried out by the health care providers for the sake of mutual benefit. As international organizations Weis and Sprouts should aim at entering new markets across the globe. They should put more emphasis on those markets that prefer natural foods, especially in Asian countries(Mujtaba, 2016). Through their expertise, they have a potential of bringing a new experience to new markets by offering them with fresh and natural products. Training in these countries would be of essential though including expatriates can greatly make it easy for the organizations to take control of new markets. Conclusion Natural foods and the organic food market is a complex market niche that if well invested can help an organization achieve high profits. Despite the profitability of the market watching the current competitive forces, it is evident that the market is populated in current times. Players in these markets should focus more effort towards finding new opportunities in the market niche. However, more amazing is that more people will continue to purchase natural and organic foods a result of the emphasis on healthy lifestyle. Investment on value adding activities in the distribution of natural foods and organic will be a feature to watch since it has the ability to help many retailers succeed. More retailers are likely to continue entering the market niche in the future hence declining its profitability References Alkon, A. H. (2016). The Stockton Farmers Market: Racialization and Sustainable Food Systems. Food, Culture Society, 389-411. Dou, Z. F. (2016). Assessing US food wastage and opportunities for reduction. Global Food Security, 19-26. Glover, D. . (2016). Small farmers, big business: contract farming and rural development. Springer. Grewal, D. (2017). Enhancing Customer Engagement Through Consiousnes. Journal of Retailing, 55-64. Mayne, S. T. (2017). The US Food and Drug Administrations role in improving nutrition: Labeling and other authorities. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. Mujtaba, B. G. (2016). Creating an Organizational Culture of Delightful Customer Intimacy at Publix Super Markets. Inc. International Journal of Marketing Practices, 47-67. Obeng, E. L. (2016). Survival of The Fittest: How Competitive Service Overlap and Retail Format Impact Incumbents Vulnerability to New Entrants. Journal of Retailing, 383-396. Pineda, R. . (2016). Making the climate change issue real for managers. Journal of Global Responsibility,, 84-97.