Building and Construction for Fire Resisting - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theBuilding and Construction for Fire Resisting. Answer: Development As indicated by the general arrangements of Australias National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1,Section A, Part A1 Subsection A1.1, a Fire Source Feature is characterized basically as the territory where a fire may start from or spread to. The outside mass of a structure inside a similar parcel or the limit of a street contiguous the given property may speak to it. From the drawings gave, the separations of the closest Fire Source Feature are as per the following; North is 2460 mm East is 3031 mm South is 1153 mm West is 6015 mm Fire Resisting Level Imperviousness to fire is pertinent to a component of a structure. Each component of a bulding has a Fire Resisting Level that is appropriate for that particular component. As indicated by the general arrangements of Australias National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1,Section A, Part A1 Subsection A1.1, Fire Resisting Level(FRL) is characterized as the opposition offered by a component of a structure to the entry of fire and is usuly estimated in minutes. For a divider made up solid squares with the thickness of cement and with a thickness of 135mm will have a protection rating of 180 minutes while that with a thickness of 160mm will have a protection rating of 240 minutes(Standard Australia, 2015). From the abovementioned, we can see that the base necessity is a divider with material thickness 135mm that would give a protection rating of 180 mm. From the general arrangements of Australias National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1,Section A, Part A2 Subsection A2.3Table 1, the base Fire Resisting revel for the structure will be 180/180/180 for auxiliary sufficiency, trustworthiness and protection separately. Availability and Evacuation Availability an) Access and Egress necessities are intended to guarantee that individuals will be furnished with a protected and reasonable access into the structure along with the administrations and offices that are situated inside the building(NCC Volume 1, Section D, Part DO1). The necessities for Access and Egress in proposed venture at the cellar 1 carpark are the structure and its stopping ought to be available from the adjoining territories and ought to oblige individuals with handicaps. The structure consents to the base necessities of the BCA. A portion of the stopping openings are saved for people with physical difficulties. b) The necessities for people with handicaps in the main floor incorporate the arrangement of slopes, steps and lifts(where material) with appropriate signage and satisfactory space to pass or turn at purposes of convergence in the path. All the necessities that a structure needs to meet in order to fulfill the BCA are illustrated in the National Code of Construction Volume 1, Section D, Part D3. Departure The quantity of ways out required from this structure from: Storm cellar level 1 2 The National Code of Construction Volume 1, Section D, Part D1, Subsection D1.2, Clause (c) Subclause (I) and (ii) gives at least two exits in the storm cellar except if the region of the floor surpasses 50m2 or the separation to the exit from any point doesn't surpass 20 m The cellar of the proposed venture has a region of 583.57 50m2 and the movement separation to the exit from any piece of the floor surpasses 20m. This implies at least 2 ways out are required. Ground floor level The proposed venture building can be named a class 3 structure. This implies it must not have under 2 ways out per strorey particularly where the structures viable stature surpasses 25 meters. Travel Distances The National Code of Construction Volume 1, Section D, Part D1, Subsection D1.4, Clause (a) Subclause (I) and (ii) gives necessities in building development to class 2 and 3. The separation to the exit must not be more than 6m for a sole inhabitance building 20m for a storeyed structure with a solitary exit. Book index Standard Australia, 2015. AS 3700:2011. Brick work Structures. Sydney: Standard Australia Ltd. National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1,Section A, Part A1 Subsection A1.1. National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1,Section A, Part A2 Subsection A2.3Table 1. National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1, Section D, Part DO1. National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1, Section D, Part D3. National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1, Section D, Part D1, Subsection D1.2, Clause (c) Subclause (I) and (ii). National Construction Code Series(2015) Volume 1, Section D, Part D1, Subsection D1.4, Clause (a) Subclause (I) and (ii).

Compare Benjamin Franklin free essay sample

Analyze Benjamin Franklin, Thomas and Thomas Jefferson dependent on our readings and conversations in class. BY square 21683 Benjamin Franklin, Thomas , and Thomas Jefferson all had comparable qualities and Ideas about America concerning legislative issues and Its economy. They all likewise had a talent for getting individuals to tail them. Kept in touch with Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe, appeared to communicate changed perspectives about America . Europe In his letters. In a letter Franklin kept in touch with his grandson, he communicated how he needed to come back to America before his demise yet didnt figure he could be capable to.He appeared to be so enthusiastic when expounding on America. It was as though there was nothing superior to America. We additionally realize that Franklin was associated with governmental issues and financial matters. He is one of the primary individuals we read about who was worried about cash and how it influenced status and governmental issues. Clearly riches influences status in probably some angle. We will compose a custom exposition test on Think about Benjamin Franklin or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Regardless of whether the riches was estimated by cash or via land, it characterized social class. Just individuals of the high society participated in legislative issues. Franklin was one of Americas establishing fathers. He composed the Declaration ofIndependence, which we despite everything submit to today, more than 200 years after the fact. Benjamin Franklin recorded 13 excellencies with their statutes in one of his archives. He recorded these to ensure he kept every one of them and Just these 13. One of the statutes was structure. He developed this by making a timetable of how his business and his life should run. It recorded what ought to be accomplished for the afternoon, including when he ought to eat and rest. He was unquestionably comparatively radical and set the norms for Americans today. Thomas ingrained his thoughts onto others in Common Sense. He begins by saying, In the accompanying pages I offer just straightforward realities, plain contentions, and presence of mind. Just by composing this, he has just enthralled the peruser and constrained them to see his perspectives and Just presence of mind. Agony appeared to represent considerable authority in rebellions and working for the customary individual. This was Pains Involvement in legislative issues; getting the regular individual to perceive how they were abused and how things should change. He made a move by shaping transformations. Torment felt that America ought to be liberated from British control.He expressed, We have solicited the insurance from Great without thinking about that her thought process was Interest, not connection; and that she didn't shield us from our adversaries for us, however from her foes for her own, from the individuals who had no squabble with us on some other record, and who will consistently be our adversaries on a similar us on account of t heir very own reasons and when we were enduring an onslaught, Britain didnt care and successively, they had made adversaries for the two spots. Thomas Jefferson partook in legislative issues just as Franklin and Pain and was the chief creator of the Declaration of Independence.Jefferson, in contrast to Franklin and Pain, was naturally introduced to his riches. He was never an average citizen and hence never comprehended what it resembled to be in that position. I think that its intriguing that somebody of his height would be permitted to help compose the Declaration of Independence which helps manage everybody including normal people. He couldnt potentially comprehend what might be best for them. This is most likely why there are numerous things in the constitution that dont appear to be reasonable for a common individual, for example, the Electoral College. This framework was essentially made on the grounds that an ordinary individual couldn't have a vote left in their grasp. Despite the fact that Jefferson appears as though he needs freedom for America, it additionally appears he doesnt trust America to have this Independence. Each of the three individuals that I have talked about appear to vary in their perspectives on America . Europe from . Is by all accounts excited that America depends on Europe. Places, for example, New York and New England were practically accurate imitations of the firsts. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas , and Thomas Jefferson were attempting to change the manner in which America was to make it a superior spot to live. It is a direct result of these men that America is all that it is today.

A Day in the Life of a Minimalist

A Day in the Life of a Minimalist I do not have a daily routine. I no longer need one. I do, however, have habits on which I focus every day. Don’t get me wrongâ€"I used to have a daily routine before I quit my six-figure job to pursue my passions and live a more meaningful life. And I hated that routine. Every day felt like Groundhog Day: awake to a blaring alarm, shower, shave, put on a suit and tie, spend an hour or more in mind-numbing traffic, succumb to the daily trappings of emails and phone calls and instant messages and meetings, drive home through even more mind-numbing traffic, eat something from a box in the freezer, search for escape within the glowing box in the living room, brush my teeth, set the alarm clock, sleep for five or six hours, start all over again in the morning. That was life most days. The same thing over and over and over. Wash. Rinse. Repeat. And then, last year, I decided it wasn’t for me anymore. I realized working 60â€"80 hours a week to make the money to buy more superfluous stuff didn’t fill the void I felt inside. It only brought more debt and anxiety and fear and loneliness and guilt and stress and paranoia and depression. So I canceled my routine. Or, rather, I traded in my routine for better habits. It didn’t happen overnight, but over a few years I pared down my possessions, got into the best shape of my life, paid off my debt, jettisoned my TV, eliminated Internet at home, left corporate America, started pursuing my passions, stopped buying junk, and started living a more meaningful lifeâ€"a life focused on growth and contribution. During that time of personal growth I developed new habits I love, habits I look forward to each day, habits that make me happy: exercise, writing, reading, establishing new connections with people, and building upon existing relationships. I also developed the habit of contribution. Giving is livingâ€"we don’t feel truly alive unless we contribute to other people in meaningful ways. Donating time to Habitat for Humanity, local soup kitchens, and various other community organizations has been a starting point on my journey toward developing this habit. And I enjoy contributing to the readers at our website and inspiring them to change their lives. Many readers ask me what my typical day looks like now that I’m no longer forced into an unnecessary routine. My answer is always the same: every day is a blank page, although there are habits I act upon daily. Presenting last Thursday as an example, this is how I enjoyed the day I woke at 4:50 a.m. without an alarm, excited and refreshed. These days my habit is to wake when my body tells me it’s rested. But there is no routine. I ate a banana, drank a cup of coffee, and then wrote from 5 a.m. to 11 a.m. As I primarily write literary fiction, I prefer writing in the morning when it’s quiet and I’m closest to the dream world. My writing room contains only a desk, a chair, a laptop, and my notes: the only things I needâ€"nothing else. There’s no phone, no Internet, no clockâ€"no distractions. Just me and my habit, which I enjoy immensely. Each day I write until I don’t feel like writing anymore. But there is no routine. After a writing-fueled morning (interrupted only by push-ups every hour or so), I walked to the neighborhood park and alternated between pull-ups and push-ups under the midday sun. Exercise is important for me, and I enjoy it daily. But there is no routine. I showered, dressed (jeans and a T-shirt), and walked to a local burrito joint to eat a modest, vegetarian lunch. I eat when my body tells me I’m hungry, irrespective of the time (I don’t own a watch). Some days I eat lunch at noon, other days I might eat at 10 a.m. or 3 p.m. But there is no routine. After my meal, I walked to my favorite coffee shop, ordered an herbal tea, used their Internet connection to check my email and publish some writing online, and then visited with some of the regulars (as well as a few strangers). There were 37 emails in my inbox, which was okay as I only check email two or three times a week. Sometimes more, sometimes less. But there is no routine. After a couple hours on the Internet, I walked to a park, sat on a bench, and read a novel. Some days this habit invites me to devour chapter after chapter, hour after hour; other days I read for only half an hour. But there is no routine. After a few chapters, I hit the gym with my best friend (and online writing pal), Ryan Nicodemus, and enjoyed some cardio and weight training. We habitually visit the gym four or five days a week. We drop by at different times each day. But there is no routine. Throughout the day I made sure I was hydrated. Besides coffee and herbal tea, I drank only water. No alcohol. No sugary drinks. No soda (or ‘pop,’ for those of us in the Midwest). I attempt to drink my body weight in ounces of water each day, which isn’t always easyâ€"so sometimes I drink only half that. But there is no routine. I own a car, but I didn’t drive it on Thursday. I didn’t need to. It was a nice day, so I walked (even though Dayton, Ohio, isn’t exactly the most walkable city). Some days I need to drive to where I want to go, other days I can walk. But there is no routine. Later that evening I enjoyed dinner and conversation with a friend, and afterward we walked to a local concert. Other days I might watch a movie at the indie theater or visit a friend’s house or spend time in an art gallery or volunteer a few hours of my timeâ€"all habits I enjoy. But there is no routine. After the concert, I walked a few miles by myself, gathering my thoughts. It had been a beautiful day, followed by a beautiful nightâ€"a denim sky illuminated by a waning crescent moon, a million diamonds afire, and the prospect of a new day at midnight. The good news is my life is no different than yours, minus the routine. Sure, the details are different, the circumstances are different, but we all have the same 24 hours in a day. We all have one life to live, and that life is passing by one day at a time. The only real difference lies within the decisions we make and the actions we take. This essay was originally published at Zen Habits.

Differences Between Dominant And Subordinate Groups Of The...

Dichotomies among dominant and subordinate groups in society have been devised to create advantages for the dominant groups in society. These dichotomies are necessary to maintain the structural power of the dominant group (Hackman, 2013), and one dichotomy in society is based on gender. For the social category of gender, the men are the dominant group, and women and transgender people are the subordinate group (Kirk Okazawa-Rey, 2013). Hence, the dominant group of men creates a system of sexism, which â€Å"serves to privilege men, subordinate women, denigrate women-identified values and practices, enforce male dominance and control, and reinforce forms of masculinity that are dehumanizing and damaging to men† (Botkin, Jones, Kachwaha,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"As such, what is perceived as ‘real’ regarding gender roles is actually a manifestation of certain rules and expectations put on all of us by the macro gendered power structure† (2013, p . 319). Hence, this power structure creates a patriarchal culture that values all things masculine and devalues all things feminine (Johnson, 2013). Thereby, in valuing masculinity, a man is â€Å"a perfect specimen of muscles and fearlessness and daring† (Blow, 2013, p. 404). In addition, the patriarchal culture highlights the importance of the husband’s career and downplays the secondary role of the wife in the family (2013). Unfortunately, all members of society, male and female, participate in this patriarchal system (2013) including me, a female. For example, when I accepted my husband’s marriage proposal, we did not live in the same city. Although I was successful in my career, I could not accept that a â€Å"real man† should change his life because of marriage, and I decided to move to South Carolina. Thus, I valued my husband’s lifestyle and career more than my lifestyle and career in North Carolina, which is internalized sexism (Szymanski, Gupta, Carr, Stewart, 2009). Therefore, my thought process illustrates my participation in the patriarchal structure. Additionally, as a female engineer, I am in the minority in the workplace and affected by the patriarchal system. Only 15% of women hold positions in male-dominated fields such as engineeringShow MoreRelatedRace And Ethnicity Searches For Equality1232 Words   |  5 Pagesethnic groups though we find that inequality is still a common issue. Racial and ethnic groups are expanding and outnumbering the dominant force, however, minority groups still have no rule against the dominant force. A minority is a subordinate group whose members have remarkably less control or power over the dominant force.(pg.4) Groups are ranked by pinpointing unique features of an individual in order to define them within a specific bracket. For example, a minority or subordinate group has fiveRead MoreDiscrimination And Unequal Rights Within Society1198 Words   |  5 Pagesliving in any country fall upon a certain group in society. Depending on what race they are defines what group they fall under. Two groups that ranks race are the minority (subordinate) group and the majority (dominant) group. Subordinate groups are recognized by their lack of opportunities when it comes to education and wealth, as well as control such as voting, positions of authority, and other privileges that are easily obtainable by the dominant group. Five characteristics also distinguish minoritiesRead MoreRacial and Ethnic Groups949 Words   |  4 PagesRacial and Ethnic Groups Michelle Winner ETH 125 October 23, 2010 NIKIYA SPENCE Racial and Ethnic Groups There are three sociological perspectives of race and ethnicity which are functionalist, conflict, and labeling perspectives. The first one I will discuss is the functionalist perspective. The functionalist perspective emphasizes how the parts of society are structured to maintain its stability. As also described in the reading the functionalist approach is an approach, if an aspectRead MoreThe World Of Civilization By Jean Baker Miller925 Words   |  4 Pagessociety is presented. According to him there are two types of inequality which is temporary inequality and permanent inequality. The main difference of the two is that temporary inequality enables â€Å"the journey from unequal to equal† while permanent inequality discourages this idea. To further explain this, an example of temporary inequality is the relationship between doctor and patient because the patient is encouraged to make a full recovery which is enabling â€Å"the journey from unequal to equal†. On Read MoreAnalyzing Race and Colorblindness in Academics1599 Words   |  7 Pagesadults of all backgrounds. However, in the instance of San Jose State University, one could argue their actions differ from the pictured proposal. Their main focus became avoiding liability rather than facilitating a safe environment for ethnic difference. This mentality typically reflects a view that claims acts of active racism and blatant bigotry should take the forefront of discussion while their comprising acts of passive racism are left behind. Campus conversations about race are being silencedRead MoreAnalysis Of Beverly Tatum s Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together 1326 Words   |  6 Pagesdisadvantageous to people of color†. This would explain how white people continue to be at a higher advantage and benefit from racism. This would be called white privilege. In this chapter, Beverly Tatum also discusses the differences between racial identity and ethnic groups. Even in 2015, there are still clear signs of not only racism but white privilege as well. African Americans are killed every single day yet people still believe this isn’t a racial issue. If a white person were to be killedRead MoreExplanation Of The Muted Group Theory1573 Words   |  7 PagesMuted Group Theory The muted group theory was originally developed to help scholars understand the co-cultural hypothetical framework of communications between genders. The muted group theory was initially established by British anthropologists Edwin and Shirley Ardener in the late 1960’s to discuss the difference in communications styles of the subordinate groups, which were mainly women when compared to the dominate groups, which were mainly men. (Orbe, M.P., 1997). In time a dominate group wouldRead MoreComparison Of James Scott s And Michel Foucault s Theories Of Power And Resistance1592 Words   |  7 PagesScott’s and Michel Foucault’s theories of power and resistance. In this essay I shall compare James Scott’s theory of power and resistance with Michel Foucault’s, as in what similarities do they share in their structure of theories; and contrast the difference as in their understanding of power, position they take to look for/into power, exercise of power and resistance in response. By contrasting the two approaches on the subject of power and resistance, I shall argue, if one wish to look for the powerfulRead MoreRacism Is Effective At Maintaining Social Distance Between Whites And Blacks1730 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the point of initial contact between whites and blacks in the United States, whites have acted as gatekeepers by regulating the degree to which blacks have been allowed or denied access to resources and institutions. The means by which whites have defended their dominant position, however, has changed dramatically over time (Bobo, Kluegel Smith 1997). Overt racism based on â€Å"scientific† classification of blacks as inherently inferior to whites has ceded to covert forms of racism in contemporaryRead MoreConflict Theory1217 Words   |  5 Pagessociety is: †¢ A struggle for dominance among competing social groups (classes, genders, races, religions, etc.). When conflict theorists look at society, they see the social domination of subordinate groups through the power, authority, and coercion of dominant groups. In the conflict view, the most powerful members of dominant groups create the rules for success and opportunity in society, often denying subordinate groups such success and opportunities; this ensures that the powerful continue

Apologies Are The New Teachers - 971 Words

Apologies Are the New Teachers (Three things Learned from Plato’s Apology) There are many writers, authors, and speakers in this world that are considered among the greats, but perhaps the greatest two of western speculation are Plato and Socrates. These two hand in hand had a huge influence on American Literature and others as well. Perhaps one of the most remarkable writings of Plato, since Socrates never once himself wrote anything down, is his writing of Apology. The writings of Apology showed some of Socrates final moments, how he carried himself, and most importantly what he said. Socrates was perhaps one of the most intellectual and perceptive minds that ever lived this life, and he had many important ideas and most specifically questions. There are many important things to be derived and learned from the writings of Plato, and voice of Socrates. From Plato’s Apology I learned three important things; how to question society, how to defend oneself with poise, and most importantly, â€Å"That the unexamined life is not worth living.† acco rding to Socrates. To begin, one of the important things i learned from Plato’s Apology is that it s okay to question society. Socrates himself questioned everyone, questioned the mind, made his pupils think, which is why I think one of the most important things to take away from this piece is how he made you think, how he questioned everything that you thought was stable until you realize that nothing around is actually even set inShow MoreRelatedLenses of Education 1051 Words   |  4 Pagestrial in the â€Å"Apology† and in â€Å"Meno.† One of the main factors discussed in both texts are the role of teachers in society and if Socrates is a teacher. Socrates also relates past stories or experiences when giving his dialogues. This allows him to explain his thoughts and reasons on certain topics. One final factor that plays a role in both the â€Å"Apology† and â€Å"Meno† is the role of the gods through the dialogues. Teachers, stories, and the role of gods all pl ay a key role in the â€Å"Apology† and â€Å"Meno†Read MorePart Indigenous Speeches Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 2 – Part A: Indigenous speeches – research essay The Apology – Prime Minister Kevin Rudd On the 13th February 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, offered an Apology to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People by way of a speech that he presented to the 42nd parliament of the Commonwealth. His speech outlined the past oppression of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who had to endure pain and suffering. Children were forcibly removed from their families. Mr Rudd openedRead MoreWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 PagesPHIL 1301 30 October 2015 What are the charges against Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? Why or why not? The Apology is assumed to be the most realistic account that has been conserved of Socrates defense of himself as it was presented before the Athenian Council. It is in essential agreement with the references to the trial that occur in Plato s other dialogs. We may determine that Apology is not written by Socrates and only contains the words of Socrates that were memorizedRead MoreWe Need A People Of Color ( Poc ) Room1690 Words   |  7 Pagestalk of the room has died down; the reasoning that â€Å"the room will be used for the new dean† is an unacceptable explanation. We need sensitivity training for teachers and administration: Several students such as Hasanti, Tarisai, Janine, and Tydell have had problems with teachers in class humiliating them and making it difficult to function within the classroom. It has been brought up time and time again that teachers are making students feel uncomfortable by disregarding their questions in the classroom;Read MoreSocratesApology And The Hebrew Bible1493 Words   |  6 Pagessystem works; people live their lives, or how they view their world. The people in Socrates’ Apology and the Hebrew Bible have different ways of life. The Greek gods and the Hebrew God shape these people’s views, and they live the way their Gods want them to. Socrates’ gods and the Jews’ God give them a sense of authority in how they live and view their world. It evidently shows in Socrates’ Apology while Socrates defends himself in court, and in the books of the Bible when the Jews follow GodRead MoreThe Defense Of The State1291 Words   |  6 Pagesintent ion, in search for wisdom. He often publicly humiliated the teachers of their society. These aren’t qualities of wisdom. The Sophists the same people who taught of their society, and the ones he, in his own words, is beholden to because it was these people who taught him in his youth. Socrates didn’t display wisdom to the fullest sense of the word, they way carried out his acts tell a different story, one of guilt. Socrates, in the Apology by Plato, is held accountable for, being an Atheist, believingRead MoreWhat Do You Mean By Deborah Tannen1450 Words   |  6 PagesYou Mean,† Deborah Tannen touches upon apologies, criticism, and thank yous in further detail to explain where individuals go wrong within conversation and how they can fix their actions. Individuals find it satisfying to please others by being polite because it is the ‘right’ thing to do, however like myself others need to stand up for themselves and get directly to the point now in order to avoid conflict later in life. Individuals use unnecessary apologies to please one another in order to avoidRead MoreSocrates: The Dichotomy between Aristophanes and Plato’s Depictions1489 Words   |  6 Pageshowever; the works of Plato (a student of Socrates) depict the man in an entirely different light. The Apology of Socrates, a dialogue by Plato, portrays the trial of Socrates as he gives an â€Å"apology† or a speech in his defense in order to refute the charges against him. The tones of these two works contrast each other completely; The Clouds being a work that satirizes Socrates while the Apology of Socrates holds the philosopher in much higher esteem. The fact of the matter is that during the turbulentRead MorePlato and Socrates Relentless Question1274 Words   |  6 Pageswho is responsible for corrupting the youth in Athens. Through a process of questions with one of his accusers, Socrates concludes then every Athenian improves and elevates them; all with the exception of myself; and I alone am their corrupter? (Apology, 4) Metetus the accuser agrees with this statement. By Metetus agreeing that only Socrates has corrupted the youth provides evidence that this claim has little merit. I believe that it is ludicrous to claim that only Socrates corrupts the youthRead MoreThe Apology Of Socrates And Hebrew Bible Analysis1676 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Apology of Socrates and Hebrew Bible, there are different structures of authority – the way the system works; people live their lives, or how they view their world. The Greek gods and the Hebrew God shape these people’s views and give them a sense of authority. The structures of authority evidently show in the Apology of Socrates while Socrates defends himself in court, and in the books of the Bible when the Jews follow God and how they judge others. Although the Athenians’ and Jews’ lives

How powerful is The Bell Jar as a feminist text Free Essays

The Bell Jar is an attempt by Sylvia Plath to write about growing up as a woman, in America during the forties and fifties. It was first published in January 1963, before the fights for equal rights were debated in the late sixties and seventies. This was one of only a few novels, at its time, in which the main character and narrator was a woman. We will write a custom essay sample on How powerful is The Bell Jar as a feminist text? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel may also show Esther’s search for her identity, she thinks she knows what she wants but she becomes more and more uncertain as the novel unfolds. The struggle for women in those days is something which would we could not possibly understand. A lady could not even get a loan from the bank without her husband or father co-signing it. Unmarried women were denied birth control, and girls should not attend college. If they did it was expected that they were looking for a husband. The other girls in Esther’s dormitory in college told her she was wasting her â€Å"golden college years†. Throughout the book, there are many possible role models for Esther, not all of who have a positive influence on her. Jay Cee is an experienced, successful editor at the magazine where Esther has won an internship. Plath writes of Jay Cee as being somewhat masculine. This may have been because at the time only men were successful so she felt for a woman to be successful she had to be manly. However Esther starts to aim some of her anger towards Jay Cee – â€Å"Jay Cee wanted to teach me something, all the old ladies I ever know wanted to teach me something, but I suddenly didn’t think they had anything to teach me. † Esther dreamt of becoming a poet, but even her mother did not believe in her ambition. Her mother felt the only way she would succeed was if she learnt shorthand, as the highest position she would ever get was to be a secretary. Mrs. Greenwood never listened to what Esther had to say nor did she respond to her in any meaningful way. Mrs Greenwood felt that she was the perfect mother and the only way to show that was by bringing up the perfect set of children. The children’s role was to behave well to reflect their mother’s goodness. So when Esther refused to have shock treatments, Mrs. Greenwood said, â€Å"I knew my baby wasn’t like that, I knew you’d decide to be alright again. † A lot of Esther’s anger is aimed towards her mother and may even be the root of her illness. Mrs. Greenwood is everything that Esther doesn’t want to be, which is the reason she hates to conform. She feels that if she starts doing what â€Å"normal ladies† do she will end up like her mother. Esther even went as far as talking off her own mother’s death. When they both slept in the same room, Esther says, † The piggish noise irritated me, and for a while it seemed to me that the only way to stop it would be to take the column of skin and sinew from which it rose and twist it to silence between my hands. † After writing the book, Sylvia Plath told her brother that she wanted the novel to be published under a pseudonym. In those days, or even today, death wishes were not exactly the things to satisfy parental dreams. Buddy Willard is first seen, in the text, as a typical American male. Mrs. Greenwood says of him â€Å"he’s so athletic and so handsome and so intelligent†¦ kind of person a girl should stay clean for. † Before Esther gets to know him she thinks he’s wonderful, but as they get better acquainted her attitude towards him changes. Buddy Willard is a prime example of a cocksure male. He thinks men rule the world while women should just do what they’re told. This does not help Esther when she is trying to find her role within society to feel accepted. Buddy Willard is shallow and does absolutely nothing to make Esther feel good about herself. He’s insensitive and clumsy in his dealings with Esther. He refers to her poetry as dust; thereby dismissing the one thing that she believes has great value, through arrogance. The motive for her hatred for all the men in the novel except for one may stem from the fact that Sylvia Plath’s husband left her in 1962 and she wrote â€Å"The Bell Jar† a year after. However her poem â€Å"Daddy†, which she wrote in the very same year was a lot harsher towards her father and was more of a gut response. Another thing that deeply annoyed Esther was the double standard for men and women. If a man slept with a woman without loving her it was perfectly acceptable, yet if a woman slept with a man whom she didn’t love then she could be labelled a whore. There are proper codes of behaviour, particularly sexual ones for women and Mrs. Greenwood makes sure Esther knows of those by sending her a pamphlet about these codes. However Buddy is not expected to adhere to the same set of rules, so when Esther finds out he slept with a waitress, she shouldn’t be hurt because it didn’t mean anything! It is one of Esther’s desires to be sexually liberal, along with being a poet or a successful writer. How to cite How powerful is The Bell Jar as a feminist text?, Papers

Business Environment for Personnel Policies - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Environment for Nature and Personnel Policies. Answer: Introduction The sum total of all the factors (internal and external) that have an impact on the performance of the business is known as the Business environment (Pailwar, 2014). It is essential to understand the environment in which business operates in order to successfully run the business unit at every place. Because, the impact of every environmental factor is on the business aspects, it can be location, distribution system, nature, personnel policies or product prices (Kew Stredwick, 2017). This report is being prepared to analyze those external factors which have an influence on the performance of Wesfarmers Company. Overview of Wesfarmers Wesfarmers Company is an Australian multinational; with headquarter in Perth, Western Australia (Wesfarmers Limited, 2017). The company majorly operates in the New Zealand and Australian markets of fertilizers, safety, retail, coal mining, and fertilizers, industrial and chemical products. By revenue, it is the biggest company in Australia overtaking BHP Billiton and Woolworths. The biggest private employer in Australia is Wesfarmers, with about 220,000 employees. In 1914, the company was established as a cooperative in order to offer services. The company is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange and grown as a big retail corporation (IBIS World, 2018). The company was formed by the Farmers and Settlers which is a Western Australia Association, in order to attain the assets of West Australian Producers Union. External Environment Analysis The primary analysis and study of the forces of macro-environment, competitor analysis and industry analysis in the purview of the growth of the organization are known as External Environment Analysis. Forces of Macro-environment are considered as dimensions in the wider society which impact the firms performance (MBA Skool, 2017). It focuses majorly on the probability of the future event. The environment of industry involves set of contingencies that directly affect the action and response of the firm. It emphasizes on the aspects that influence the firms probability in an industry, whereas competitor analysis majorly focuses on anticipating the dynamics of a competitor in terms of its responses and action etc. (Hiriyappa, 2013). Government Regulatory: In this factor, it is implied that the role of government is very important in influencing the performance of the company. It can influence in the form of legal regulations and taxes (Fern Fort University, 2018). Coal mining is an essential segment of Wesfarmers, and it is known that Australian Federal Government has mandated that the extraction of the mining industry can only be done after the permission of the state government of the particular state. Along with this political factors generally, have a greater influence on the retail industry of Australia. The increasing dominance of the retail supermarket like Wesfarmers has made competition for small retailers. Therefore the government has implemented some policies in order to restrict this. Economic policy- The economic factors like exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rate highly affects the organizations growth. The service sector has essential role in the Australian market, and in fact, it is notable that Australia GDPs 71.1% is contributed by this sector only. Service and Finance are the essential Australian service organizations, keeping this in the mind, it can be said that the Wesfarmers insurance market can gain profitable position in the Australian market. The GDP annual growth rate of the Australian economy is 2.8% by the year 2016 which reflects that the purchasing power of the people in Australia is also increasing. Customers with high purchasing power will invest in quality products, therefore; Wesfarmers should focus more on the quality. Consumer behaviour- For the Wesfarmers future growth, Australia's social environment plays an important role. Factors of the environment include population, cultural trends and demographics perform a significant role in the organization's success. As per the consumer behaviour of Australia people generally, prefer to buy necessary items in bulk once in a week. Therefore, it is constructive for the Wesfarmers to have their chain of departmental stores and retail stores in Australia. Technological- The important role performed in Australia is by the viable methods of operating a business. Therefore, Wesfarmers need to depend more on technologically advanced ways of production which can support the country in handling its ecological sustainability in future. By considering this aspect Wesfarmers has implemented those technologies which make use of low emission coal. It is a great change which is important for sustaining in the market for the longer period. Chemicals, Coal mining, fertilizers, and energy production are important segments in which Wesfarmers operate and therefore finding good technology along with regular innovations is required for the enterprise future development. Legal- Legal factors are those factors which explain the effect of the law on the functioning of any business. In Australia, there are many new laws which are governing the trade system, like resource laws, business laws, labour laws, etc. It is very important for the organization to accept and follow each law while operating the business. Environmental- The ecosystem in which living being lives offers natural services for all the species that are important for their survival, quality of life and health. Ecological sustainability is an integral part of the business process, and organization like Wesfarmers is continuously trying to create value for its shareholders, customers via solving the environmental issues like energy conservation, prevention from environmental pollution, etc. It is remarkable that company is operating its business activities with 10 environmental and community impact principles that make some guidelines for the company of making efficient ways of energy production. The initiatives were taken by the company in order to confirm the well-being of the community, maintenance of ecological sustainability, or reducing product packaging supports company in smoothly operating the business in Australia. Competitor- In general terms competition is the rivalry between two or more firms, individuals, social groups, etc. Competition arises when two or more firms try to achieve a common goal that cannot be shared, where one firms gain is the loss of other firm (Dennehy, 2012). Wesfarmers operates its business in an extremely competitive retailing industry of Food and Staples, where the company faces strong competition from Woolworths (Australian Government, 2011). It is a well-known leading supermarket in Australia which brings various strategies in order to give strong competition to Wesfarmers. Besides this HS Home, Myer, and Best Less are the strong competitors of Wesfarmers in this industry (MBA Skool, 2017). Recommendations to Resolve the Issues faced by Wesfarmers External Factors Major Issues Solution Government Regulatory Permission from State government A concerned team should be maintained in the organization which can handle all the legal issues and permissions which are necessary for operating business. Economic Policies Quality of Product Wesfarmers should implement a quality management system in the business in order to provide the best quality to the customers such as: Plan- Establishment of resources, procedures and Quality policies. Do- Report non-conformances and assessments to fulfil the gap between the perceived quality and expected quality. Check- Wesfarmers should do a proper assessment of the historical data in order to recognize the opportunities for enhancements. Act- Perform proper analysis and take remedial actions in order to do regular improvements (Hassiotis, 2015). Consumer Behaviour Buying necessary items in bulk In order to attract more customers who purchase products in bulk, they need to offer various discounts, offers, vouchers and various schemes to increase the sales. Technological Technology Advancement The company can create new and innovative technologies with the help of its research and development department in order to enhance its productivity and satisfaction of the customers. Legal Laws and Regulations It is the crucial part of any business, therefore, Wesfarmers should consider each and every aspect of the rules and regulations implemented by the government and should follow it. Environmental Environmental and community impact In Australia approx. 8 million cattle and 32 million sheep are killed every year for the consumption of human (Animals Australia, 2018). Considering this aspect Wesfarmers should initiate a program for the betterment and safeguarding of animals. In this program employees of the company can take part and can contribute something to the animals and environment. Competition Attracting Potential Customers The Wesfarmers Company should adopt market penetration strategy in order to attract potential customers. It will help the company in increasing its market share and can give strong competition to its competitors. Conclusion Environment analysis is called as a strategic tool. The process to recognize the internal and external elements that have a major influence on the performance of the company is known as Environment analysis. The above report has performed the environment analysis of Wesfarmers Company in order to identify the impact of various factors on its performance. The factors which were identified are Government regulations, economic policies, consumer behaviour, technological, legal, and environmental and competition. Along with this recommendations are provided which will help the company in taking corrective actions towards improving the performance of the company and increasing productivity. References Animals Australia. (2018). Ritual slaughter in Australia. Retrieved from: https://www.animalsaustralia.org/features/ritual_slaughter.php Australian Government. (2011). Economic Structure and Performance of the Australian Retail Industry. Melbourne: Productivity Commission. Dennehy, J. (2012). Competition, Gender and Management: Beyond Winning and Losing. Germany: Springer. Fern Fort University. (2018). Wesfarmers Limited PESTEL Environment Analysis. Retrieved from: https://fernfortuniversity.com/term-papers/pestel/nyse4/4814-wesfarmers-limited.php Hassiotis, M.K. (2015). How to Implement the PDCA Cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act). Retrieved from: https://news.ewmfg.com/blog/how-to-implement-the-pdca-cycle-plan-do-check-act-in-any-department Hiriyappa, B. (2013). Strategic Management and Business Policy. Indiana: Booktango. IBIS World. (2018). Wesfarmers Limited - Premium Company Report Australia. Retrieved from: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/retail-trade/wesfarmers-limited-company.html Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2017). Business Environment: Managing in a Strategic Context. U.K: Kogan Page Publishers. MBA Skool. (2017). External Environment Analysis. Retrieved from: https://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/marketing-and-strategy-terms/8566-external-environment-analysis.html MBA Skool. (2017). Wesfarmers SWOT Analysis, USP Competitors. Retrieved from: https://www.mbaskool.com/brandguide/lifestyle-and-retail/10269-wesfarmers.html Pailwar, K.V. (2014). Business Environment. India: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Wesfarmers Limited. (2017). About Wesfarmers. Retrieved from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-report/about-wesfarmers/

Rmg in Bangladesh free essay sample

CHALLENGES FACED BY BANGLADESH RMG Enactment of US Trade Development Act 2000 The Trade and Development Act 2000 more popularly known as US Trade Development Act 2000 was enacted in the USA on May 19, 2000. This act consisting of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and the United States-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act was aimed to introduce a new trade and investment policy for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), expand trade benefits to countries in the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), enhance the GSP and strengthen the US Trade adjustment assistance programmes. The US TDA 2000 provided preferential trade access, especially in textile and apparel sectors, to the countries of Africa and Caribbean Basin. The US Trade Development Act 2000 provided duty-free and quota-free access to 48 countries of Africa and 24 countries of the Caribbean Basin for exporting textile and apparel products to the US market on certain eligibility criteria. Some of the beneficiary countries, especially in the Caribbean Basin, are Bangladesh’s direct competitors in the US apparel market. We will write a custom essay sample on Rmg in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since this act was enacted, Bangladesh’s RMG had to struggle harder to maintain its competitiveness and prevent losing market share to these beneficiary countries. Accession of China to WTO China is perhaps the largest supplier of textiles and clothing in the world. The accession of the country to WTO happened on December 11, 2001 opening up a new vista of market access for itself. China has a very large production base of fabric, by using competitive and appropriate technology. China also has a very large pool of labor force for the highly labor intensive apparel industry. Both these factors ensure a very high degree of competitiveness. China’s accession to WTO has removed their major market access constraint. The high degree of integration that China already had between their textile and clothing sector enabled them to respond quickly to the demand of garment buyers. This posed the threat of the diversion of business to China in large quantum from countries like Bangladesh, urging them further to remain competitive. End of the MFA Era The beginning of the year 2005 marked the birth of the post MFA era. The MFA Multi Fibre Arrangement, also known as the Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC)) governed the world trade in textiles and garments from 1974 through 2004, imposing quotas on the amount developing countries could export to developed countries. It expired on 1 January 2005 in accordance with the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) of 1994. The period of MFA (1974-2004) enabled Bangladesh to emerge as a global supplier of RMG (Re adymade Garments). But its termination threatened to change this scenario. Countries that relied on the secured market of quotas had to face enormous challenges amid intense global competition. Bangladesh’s heavy reliance on this sector gave rise to certain vulnerabilities. With neighboring countries, such as India and China, building ever more formidable RMG industries, a substantial part of Bangladesh’s RMG workforce was put at risk of job loss if the industry failed to stay competitive, not to mention considerable losses in foreign exchange earnings. In order to prevent such losses and remain a notable player in the apparel market, Bangladesh had to devise and implement strategies to improve its overall competitiveness and that of the RMG sector. A study by the World Bank titled, â€Å"End of MFA Quotas: Key Issues and Strategic Options for Bangladesh Readymade Garment Industry,† explored the factors that have brought success to Bangladesh’s RMG industry and examined the probable threats and key constraints in the post-MFA era. It also set out a number of strategic options for the sector to pursue, building on past achievements and competitive advantages in order to be able to enhance Bangladesh’s export competitiveness in the global marketplace. It suggested a dual approach that assisted Bangladesh to compete efficiently. They are as follows: †¢A focused strategy for strengthening the competitiveness of the RMG industry. †¢A diversification strategy to reduce Bangladesh’s vulnerability from export concentration in RMG. A summary of the approaches are as follows: Reducing lead time: Lead time (refers to the time required for supplying the ordered garment products after the export order has been received) has emerged as an important issue in the global market. Retailers value those manufacturers who can respond quickly to orders. Bangladesh has the longest lead time among its competitors, and it needs to find a way to reduce lead time if it is to maintain international competitiveness. Improving the domestic and regional supply chain: Contributing to the problem of lead time is the gap between demand and supply of raw material, particularly for woven garments. Local sourcing has not been able to reduce this gap significantly, and it will take time to increase domestic capacity substantially. One option may be to forge closer links with neighboring suppliers for sourcing textile and clothing (T C) inputs at reasonably short notice. Warehousing for a quick turnaround: An innovative solution to the problem of long lead time could be the establishment of a central bonded warehouse (CBW) to stock duty-free imported inputs. A CBW could be set up by any firm, and its duty-free imports would not be subject to conditions, unlike individual bonded warehouses. The CBW operator could be permitted to stock a whole range of T C inputs, such as finished and grey fabric, accessories, dyes and chemicals, yarn, RMG, and textile machinery and spare parts in amounts determined by expected demand. RMG and textile manufacturers could then purchase these inputs duty-free from the CBW directly as export orders are received and save on the shipping time required for importing inputs. Opening land routes and modernizing port facilities: To reduce the time taken to source inputs from the region Bangladesh Government recently removed the ban on importing yarn from India via land routes. This should be followed up with other logistics and infrastructural reforms, such as modernizing Chittagong Port and addressing inadequate power supply, which act as major constraints on efficiency. Simplification of tariff regime: Despite increasing liberalization, Bangladesh remains one of the most protected economies in South Asia and, indeed, the world. As pointed out in a previous World Bank report, Export Competitiveness and Growth, high tariffs that protect domestic industries create disincentives to export activities and cause an anti-export bias. High import duties also increase the cost of production and reduce profit margins of manufacturers. The RMG sector has been insulated from this anti-export bias through schemes such as bonded warehouses and EPZs. This shows that Bangladeshi producers will respond to opportunities and can compete in the global market when they do not face disincentives in the domestic market. Simplifying the cumbersome import regime as a whole could make export diversification a reality. Diversification, aggressive marketing, and pursuing new markets: In order to forge a competitive edge, Bangladesh could diversify into a new range of higher-value products, aside from the traditional T-shirts, shirts, trousers, sweaters, and jackets which make up 60 percent of the RMG exports. This would need to be associated with vigorous promotion and aggressive marketing in order to secure a position in the market for high-value apparel. Furthermore, with only a handful of countries accounting for 98 percent of Bangladesh’s RMG export market, opportunities to exploit other potential markets should be explored, including East Asia and other middle-income countries, and others which have given zero-tariff access to Bangladeshi exports. Bangladesh National Council (BNC) of Textile Garments and leathers Workers has proposed eight-point strategies to attain sustainable RMG sector in the post-MFA era. The proposal included formation of multi-stakeholder national Committee on occupational health and safety for the garment workers, healthy and secured work environment, recognition and established workers rights by Bangladesh Garments manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) as a precondition to access global market, global brands and buyers investments, building stronger backward linkage, financial support from the government, establishment of universally-recognized working hours and a formation of national investigation on the Spectrum incident. Rise of the Financial Crisis In 2007, not long after the end of MFA era when Bangladesh’s RMG sector just started to gather itself and prepare to fight the amplified global completion and remain competitive, the Global Financial Crisis surfaced ominously. The crisis aroused due to the bursting of the United States housing bubble (a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets. It is characterized by rapid increases in valuations of real estate property such as housing until they reach unsustainable levels relative to incomes and other economic elements). This financial crisis that surfaced in the United States gradually spread its tentacles all over the globe. Since its emergence till present, major market stocks registered nonstop fall, leading financial institutions steadily moved towards the brink of bankruptcy; making some of them to get sold at incredibly low price and governments of wealthiest countries came up with rescue packages to save their financial system. Bearing in mind that the world’s robust economies are struggling to cope with the crisis, it did not seem farfetched to believe that the weak and fragile economy of our country will be affected as well. In a report, the World Bank (WB) said that the Bangladesh’s development will start getting hit right away. It projected that the Bangladesh’s economic growth will fall by 2 percent to 4. 8 percent in fiscal 2008-09 contrasting the government projection of 6. 8 percent. In response, Bangladesh Bank (BB) Governor Salehuddin Ahmed firmly ruled it out stating that WB’s projection is grossly underestimated and is not backed by thorough analysis. He said for now Bangladesh is save from any blow from the crisis but if it prolongs then the impact might be felt in the long run. According to the Governor, as Bangladesh produces low-end garment products, the sector may not be affected. He urged everyone involved to keep their eyes open as a precaution along with the suggestion that exporters should improve competitiveness by improving productivity and efficiency, instead of seeking a favorable exchange rate. A high-powered technical committee was formed on November 3, 2008 to closely monitor the impact on the countrys economy from the fallout of the current global financial crisis and take instant remedial measures. The committee comprised of 8 members with the Finance Secretary Dr Mohammed Tareque as the head. The other members of the committee were the National Board of Revenue Chairman, Bangladesh Bank Deputy Governor, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) member, Controller of Insurance Companies, vice chairman of the Export Promotion Bureau (EPB), additional secretary of Economic Relations Division (ERD) and one representative from IMED. Unlike the government officials, the garment exporters and major buyers believed that the global financial crisis will not Bangladesh’s RMG sector as it exports mainly basic products. According to them, sales of cheaper RMG products increased both in Europe and the US by 20 percent following the global financial turmoil and number of orders that they received from foreign buyers was high as the buyers started to look for cheaper RMG products. But they also thought that the bad impact of the global recession may be felt in February or March of 2009 if the situation in the western financial markets does not improve. They were confident that Bangladeshs strong market position will not diminish if the crisis prevailed for a short time period. Bangladesh set an export target at $16. 298 billion for fiscal 2008-09, with the readymade garment sector to earn the highest amount of foreign currency. Of $16. 298 billion, $12. 267 billion were expected to come from two main sub-sectors of RMG: knitwear and woven. The export of readymade garments (RMG) from Bangladesh experienced a hefty growth last fiscal despite the ongoing global recession. The overall apparel shipments in the fiscal 2008-09 ended in last June and witnessed a growth of 15. 4 percent to stand at over $ 12. 47 billion. Countrys shipment to 26 out of total 27 EU member countries reached US$ 8. 2 billion at the end of last fiscal year, which was US$ 7. 6 billion in FY 2007-08. THE FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR RMG However, the president of Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) Abdus Salam Murshedy is not happy about the last fiscal’s (2008-09) growth rate. He thinks it could have been much higher. According to the BGMEA president, hard t ime is yet to come in the sector of readymade garments. He thinks that the recent export figures are reflecting the earliest hits of the financial crisis on the RMG sector. According to him, the industry is under pressure from falling export orders, drastically falling retail price and demand of the products, which pose the actual threat. Increased fuel price, bank interest rates, shortage of power are further threatening the existence of the countrys apparel sector. He urged the government to disburse funds that have been promised to rescue the countrys largest export earning sector to fend off recession impact. Bangladesh now enjoys extra competitive edge in the EU market with the GSP facility under which the exporters get zero tariff entry to the 27 member-states of EU when India, China and some other countries have to pay certain amount of tariff. But the competitive edge will be eroded if the EU signed TFA with India and other nations and ease the rules of origin, offering them greater market access with lower tariff or no tariff at all. Ready-made garment (RMG) sector is about to face another setback as competitors like Pakistan and Sri Lanka are likely to get duty advantage in the US market after the current WTO negotiations are over. Duty on RMG export from Pakistan and Sri Lanka will be reduced to 5. 0 percent within five years after the negotiations are over but for least developed countries (LDC) including Bangladesh, the time limit is 10 years. These two countries will get the facilities under disproportionately affected countries (DAC) as Pakistan has war like situation and Sri Lanka is war-torn and affected by tsunami. So for the last five years, Bangladesh will be in a less competitive position by 10 percent duty as the average tariff duty on RMG to the US market is 15 percent. The World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations will be over by 2010 and when it is over within the three months, the duty cut facilities will become effective. For more than 30 years Bangladesh has been one of the best RMG (ready-made garments) exporting countries in the world. However, being one of the world`s best in this sector, Bangladesh is not receiving the treatment and facilities that it deserves in the market of importing, rich countries. According to African Growth and Opportunity Act Competitiveness Report (AGOA), more than 37 LDCs (least developed country) got a duty-free access in the market of USA till September 30, 2009. Whereas, 13 LDC’s including Bangladesh have yet not got this privilege in the USA. This places us in a tough position to compete with the rest. Being an LDC had we been receiving this privilege from the USA and other importing countries would have enormously contributed to pace up of our growth. Moreover, the global financial crisis is still ongoing. Many politicians, economists, world leaders and others concerned are still working on to fix the crisis. The longer the crisis would last, the deeper would be its impact on Bangladesh economy whose prime driving force is RMG. EXPORT TREND OF BANGLADESH RMG The RMG business started in Bangladesh in the 70’s but it was then a merely casual effort. The first consignment of knitwear export was made in 1973 and the first consignment of woven garments was made in 1977. In 1981-82 the contribution of woven garments in the total export was 1. 10%. Afterwards it is a story of sustained success for Bangladesh RMG sector. The knitwear sector has grown over the years in geometric progression and become the prime driving force of Bangladesh’s export earnings. Within a decade the contribution of woven to the export basket became 42. 83% (1990-91) and the knitwear sector’s contribution was 7. 64% (1990-91). Now knitwear has become the largest export earning sector of Bangladesh contributing 41. 79% to national export earnings at the end of FY 2008-09 (July-April). The entrepreneurs of the knitwear sector stepped forward with their expertise in the late 80’s. With their earnest efforts they were able to export US $14. 84 million in 1989-90. Out of this, US $12. 22 million was exported to EU and US $2. 02 million was exported to US. The trend continued in the knitwear sector because of the market access opportunities provided to the LDC’s under the Generalized Systems of Preference (GSP) benefit. Source: BGMEA This is the rejuvenated beginning of the epic story of Bangladeshi knitwear sector that in true sense has been possible due to the massive industrialization in a sustainable way with effect on all probable human development aspects which is the encouraging part of the story. The growth of knitwear sector is increasing in an increasing rate. The cumulative average growth rate of the sector is 20%. And it is continuously grabbing more portions in the export pie of Bangladesh. This is mainly attributed to the facilities provide under the EC, GSP and ROO. The knitwear sector is heavily driven by favorable policies and took the opportunity to develop a strong backward linkage for the sector. Source: Export Promotion Bureau The EU is the main export region for Bangladesh knitwear constituting 76% (US $4. 2 billion) of total knitwear export followed by USA (14. 59%, i. e. US $807 million) in the year 2007-08. This is mainly attributed to the facilities provide under EC, GSP and favorable ROO. The knitwear sector is driven heavily by these favorable policies and the opportunity to develop a strong backward linkage for the sector where the value addition is about 75%. The two-stage transformation requirement of ROO in 1999 boosted market penetration in EU further; it contributed a growth of 101. 9% since 2000-01. Source: BGMEA Bangladesh RMG sector has successfully passed some critical tests and is now sailing with two masts: knitwear and woven. The sub-sectors are now in healthy competition among themselves to take the role of leadership within the country. Source: BGMEA In FY 2003-04, knitwear for the first time exceeded woven wear and became the leader in terms of quantity exported with 91. 6 million dozens. Knitwear is still leading in terms of quantity exported and is widening the gap day by day. Export quantity of knitwear items increased to 241. 59 million dozens which is higher than the year 2003-04 to 2007-08. On the month of December of the FY 2008-09, total knitwear export was 146. 5 million dozens higher than the same period of last year. Source: BGMEA Bangladesh knitwear is performing a well increase in terms of terms of quantity which is a clear indication of capacity in this sector. In year 2007-08, contribution of woven wear to the export earning was 36. 17% and in knitwear was 38. 97%. In the current year, the performance of both the sector are as follows: knitwear export US $5,231. 01 million FY 2008-09 (July-April); woven export US $4,902. 48 million FY 2008-09 (July-April). Figure: Exports to various destinations WORKS CITED http://www. worldbank. org. bd/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/BANGLADESHEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20849416~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:295760,00. html http://bgmea. com. bd/home/pages/aboutus http://www. thefinancialexpress-bd. om/2009/08/04/75255. html http://www. thefinancialexpress-bd. com/2009/10/05/80758. html http://www. tg-supply. com/article/view. html? id=28649 http://english. people. com. cn/90001/90777/90851/6526368. html http://www. thedailystar. net/story. php? nid=65258 http://www. newsfrombangladesh. net/view. php? hidRecord=225118 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007–2009 http://www. un escap. org/tid/publication/aptir2456_haider. pdf http://dhakachamber. com/cipe/EPPs%20%20Studies/Expansion%20and%20diversification. pdf www. bdiusa. org/Publications/JBS/Volumes/Volume2/jbs2. 2-3. pdf

Can Green Card Holders Get Financial Aid

Can Green Card Holders Get Financial Aid SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re a high school student and a green card holder, you might be wondering if you’re eligible for any financial assistance for college. The short answer to the question, â€Å"Can green card holders get financial aid?† is yes, but what’s the process for getting it? We’ll discuss the forms you have to fill out and how to determine your eligibility for financial aid as a green card holder in this article. Can Green Card Holders Get Financial Aid? According to the Department of Education’s Federal Student Aid division, US permanent residents with a green card (Forms I-551, I-151, or I551C) are considered â€Å"eligible noncitizens† and can get financial aid from the US government. The financial aid available for permanent residents includes federal student loans and state grants. If your green card has expired, you can still get financial aid as long as your permanent residency hasn’t expired; you just need to make sure you renew your green card. Unfortunately, if your permanent resident status has expired, you can’t get any federal financial aid. Here are some other groups considered to be eligible non-citizens (and therefore can get federal financial aid): US nationals (including natives of American Samoa or Swains Island) Citizens of the Republic of Palau (eligible for Federal Pell Grants, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants, and Federal Work-Study) Citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (eligible for Federal Pell Grants only) Holders of an Arrival-Departure Record (I-94) from US Customs and Immigration Services (USCIS) that shows you as "Refugee," "Asylum Granted," "Cuban-Haitian Entrant," "Conditional Entrant" (if issued before 1 Apr 1980), or "Parolee" (paroled for at least a year with intent to become a US citizen or permanent resident) Those with a T nonimmigrant status (T-visa) or whose parents have a T-1 nonimmigrant status Those who qualify as "battered immigrant-qualified aliens" (or their children), as designated under the Violence Against Women Act Find out more about the different types of financial aid out there with our simple guide. Financial Aid for Green Card Holders: How to Get It We've established that the answer to "can green card holders get financial aid?" is yes, but how do you go about it? The process for getting financial aid as a green card holder is almost identical to what you’d do as a US citizen. We’ve outlined the three steps you need to take here. Step 1: FAFSA for Green Card Holders To get financial aid as a permanent resident, you must fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, before the deadlines for federal and state financial aid. The federal deadline is generally June 30th (midnight, Central Time) for the following school year. For example, the deadline for the 2017-2018 school year is June 30, 2018. Deadlines for state assistance vary from state to state; for instance, the application for Massachusetts state funding for the 2017-2018 school year was due May 1, 2017 (midnight Central Time), while the state funding for New York for that same year is due the same time as the federal deadline for FAFSA (June 30, 2018). Find out what your state of residency’s FAFSA deadline is here. As a green card holder, when you fill out FAFSA you must enter your eight- or nine-digit Alien Registration Number, or ARN. You can find more information on how to find your ARN here. Step 2: Contact Your College Colleges and universities, particularly those with large endowments, often offer students grants, scholarships, work-study programs, and loans. Check out our list of colleges that offer 100% financial aid to see the different sorts of aid given at different schools. The best way to find out what kind of financial aid for green card holders is available at your college is to reach out and ask. Look up your college’s financial aid office information and contact them directly to get the most accurate information. Step 3: Research Private Scholarships In addition to government-based and school-based financial aid, you may also be able to get private scholarships. Like school-sponsored scholarships, private scholarships do not require repayment and help keep your student debt down. Learn more about what scholarships are out there and how to apply for them with this expert guide. What’s Next? Looking for an introduction to what financial aid is? Read this great guide to financial aid and paying less for college. What’s the average cost of college tuition, and what’s not included in it? Find out what the real costs of college are and the best way to keep those costs down. Where are the best schools to get a lower-cost education? We have articles highlighting which colleges have the best financial aid and which US colleges are cheapest overall. 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Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Summary - Essay Example In the United States of America, the most popular professional body with members who are interested in retail security is the â€Å"Association of Convenience and Petroleum Retailing† (NACS). This body offers a platform for employers, employees, and other interested parties to ensure the security of their work environment through intensive knowledge on security, which they are offered. Business owners and employees have a variety of security measures to choose from. However, in the United States, NACS recommends investment in security measures, which are most likely to alleviate crime and insecurity in the business premises. The main control methods recommended include cash control, visibility in stores, the correct positioning of cash registers in stores, training of employees, especially on how to deter robbery, balanced lighting in stores, alarms, electronic video surveillance, and minimal escape routes. These are some of the ways to ensure security in business. The author addresses business security of a variety of premises, including both public and private facilities. Shopping centers and malls in the United States are prone to robbery and other criminal activity, as many people tend to loiter there. The major security measures employed include contract guards, public police, as well as electronic surveillance and alarms. Of importance in the malls are the codes of conduct, which shoppers have to adhere to, as these help maintain order and increase the malls’ security. Banks are a target of robbers, therefore, needs tight security. These mainly employ security measures, which ensure risk assessment and analysis of robbery, and cash control methods. Training of bank employees is also essential, as well as other electronic and digital surveillance methods. In addition, electronic devices, which can detect metal and explosives, are highly used in banks for security measure. Private and public utility facilities present major security concerns, which include sabotage, terrorism activities, theft, and damage of private and public property, among others. Apart from the clients, these utility facilities, which include telephone, gas, water, oil, electricity, and nuclear pose a security threat to the employees. In such industries therefore, employee training is the most recommended security method. Different bodies in the United States, including the International Association of Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS), among others, offer employee training for such industries. Entertainment spots including casinos, amusement parks, beaches, and movie theatres, also need strict security measures, as these are prone to rowdy revelers. This case applies to sports facilities, which also pose a threat to security through the rowdy fans. In the United States today, professionals are looking for better ways of preventing violent and patron behaviors in the sports and entertainment avenues. Most of such areas in the United States emplo y public police and security guards to ensure security. This chapter therefore, addresses security concerns of both private and public spaces and the need of better security measures in future. Chapter 7 In chapter 7, Dempsey primarily discusses the retail shrinkage problem. It is argued that retail shrinkage problem is one of the serious issues affecting modern businesses despite the fact that technology has changed the way business are conducted. According to the author, retail shrinkage accounts for

The American revolution 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The American revolution 2 - Essay Example Americans were outraged. They were not given ample representation on the matter. They called it as "taxation without representation." This ignited different forms of opposition from the Americans like stopping the importage of British goods. Some even reacted violently by barricading a house where the stamps are stored and destroying it. A group called Sons of Liberty was formed and these lead the plea to repeal the law. Although the law was repealed, the parliament passed a Declaratory Act that affirmed the British's right to legislate laws that it wanted for its colonies. This was followed by the passage of the Tea Act to save the East India Company from bankruptcy. The law removes all duties imposed on British tea exported to America and these gave unfair advantage on other tea imports. Again, they resisted this law and it led to the infamous Boston Tea Party wherein some members of the Sons of Liberty boarded a British ship and threw off the imported tea to the sea. A few years later, the British parliament passed a number of laws, which are deemed unfair for the Americans. This prompted all colonies except Georgia to convene for the first time as the First Continental Congress to create a unified stand against unfair British policies and laws. Violence erupted elsewhere which were met by British forces. One of these events was the Boston Massacre wherein they fired into a mob. The confrontations escalated into a military conflict to the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first of the battles between the British and Americans. These battles prom pted all of the thirteen colonies to again convene as the Second Continental Congress to direct the American war efforts and they appointed George Washington to lead and organize the army and finally on the 4th of July, they declared the independence of America. The Continental Congress provided the venue for different personalities coming from the colonies to pursue their own interests. But in the end, they were able to see that they have common interests and saw themselves as one people. During the First Continental Congress, they tried to push for reforms and the repealing of the laws but they were neglected. Situations worsen and it went to a full-scale rebellion against Great Britain. Eventually, they saw that they cannot pursue these interests as different colonies but should act as one and it was only through independence from British rule that it can be achieved. It was their inevitable choice. This was further strengthened by the framing of the Articles of Confederation by the Continental Congress and became as the first charter of the government. Although it wasn't until 1891 when all of the 13 colonies approved it, it was one step ahead of creating the United States of America. The Continental Congress also faced a lot of setbacks. One of these was due to the differences of the colonies interests, it cannot be avoided that they present different views and proposals. An example was the option to just reconcile with Great Britain and propose reforms. But because the war is ongoing and it really stirred American patriotism, only a few supported this stance and still opted to continue the war and eventually declaring their independence. 2. Discuss the costs and benefits of the American Revolution Who had the most to gain The most to lose Was the American

An Integrative Framework Of Management Perspectives Religion Essay

An Integrative Framework Of Management Perspectives Religion Essay Management has become a part and parcel of everyday life, be it at home, in the office or factory and in government. In all organizations, where group of human beings assemble for a common purpose, management principles come into play through the management of resources, finance and planning, priorities, policies and practice. Management is a systematic way of carrying out activities in any field of human effort (Bhattathiri, 2001). Efficacious and effective management is not possible without in-depth knowledge of the organisation which is being managed. Organisational knowledge is absolutely critical to building, preserving and leveraging institutional excellence. It is like the air you breathe-you cannot measure it, touch it, or see it but you cannot survive without it (Prasad, 2004)). The basic elements of management are always there whether we manage our lives or our business. In fact, management is used knowingly or unknowingly by everybody born as human being on this earth. We are all managers of our own life and the practice of management is found in every facet of human activity: schools, business, government, unions, armed forces, families and religious places. Thus, management has become an exciting and entertaining subject because it deals with setting, seeking and achieving objectives. It makes human efforts more productive. It brings order and effectiveness to the efforts of the people. It brings better equipment, plants, offices, products, services and human relations to our society. There is no substitute for good management and good management consists of showing average people how to do the work of superior people. Society is a collection of individuals and individuals constitute society. Every individual has several needs and wants but it is impossible for him to satisfy all his desires and wants with his own efforts alone. Thus, he joins hands with others and works in organised groups to achieve what he cannot achieve singlehandedly. Today, the society has large and complex institutions with many people working together. In other words, when a number of persons join together for the attainment of some common objectives, organisation comes into being. Whatever may be the nature and kind of the organisation, it cannot run successfully unless there is someone to manage its affairs. Management is an essential part of any group activity. It is the management which plans, organises, co-ordinates and controls the affairs of the organisation. It brings the human and physical resources together and motivates the people at work in order to create a cordial, congenial and harmonious environment in the o rganisation. To sum up, it can be said that an organisation is like an orchestra team. It is for the management to make music or a noise out of it. If there is an effective and efficient management, the result is sweet and melodious music; otherwise the result is chaotic and awful noise. CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT: The concept of management is as old as the human race itself. It is a universal phenomenon. It is not merely the monopoly of business houses. It is a part and parcel of every kind of decision making. It is the marshalling of manpower resources and strategy for getting a job done. Management is multifunctional in nature. It is a set of techniques and functional processes employed to maximize productive utilization of human, physical and natural resources for the benefit of all in a healthy physical and conceptual environment. Men, material, money, machinery and methods constitute human and physical resources. The physical environment consists of temperature; noise, light, ventilation; the tools which are employed; the methods of work; the material employed; the sequence in which the work is performed and other physical aspects. The conceptual, or mental, environment is concerned with the attitude or frame of mind of individual worker in the given environment. The manager has to provid e a positive and conducive environment where the worker gives his best to the institution. Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims (Koontz Weihrich, 1998). It involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are undertaken efficiently and effectively. Management puts ideas into action through and with people. Efficient management leads to productivity with peace, growth with harmony and brings out the best potential in people. Management creates harmony in working together, equilibrium in thought and action, goals and achievements, plan and performance, produce and market (Bhattathiri, 2001). When people are motivated and inspired, they run their organisations efficiently and profitably, produce quality goods and services and keep customers and clients satisfied (Bodhananda, 2007). Lack of management can create chaos and cause mayhem, perplexity, wastage, delay, obliteration, losses and low sense of worth. Management is about managing self, people and situations. Manager has to show the path on which his workforce can excel and stay focused. Managements task is to make people capable of joint performances and make their strength effective and make their weaknesses irrelevant (Drucker, 1998). It is the capability and capacity of the manager that can transform the situations to the best for all the stakeholders. If he is bestowed with the quality to judge the people and their talents then he can take them to the zenith of their performance. Management is helping ordinary people to produce extraordinary results (Someswarananda, 2005). Management, today, goes beyond giving just direction or getting work done by people. Manager has to think beyond results; he has also to create and sustain performers by inspiring them. Managers job is two-fold (1) To translate the dream in terms of project; and (2) To produce performers. Workmans job is to produce results from planning to execution. And supervisors duty is to solve the problems of workmen (Someswarananda, 2005). 1.2 MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES: The word perspective has been derived from the Medieval Latin word perpectiva (ars) science of optics, from the verb perspicere which means to look through (Oxford Dictionary). It implies a view or vista or a mental view or outlook of a person or an organisation. It also means the ability to perceive things in their actual interrelations or comparative importance (thefreedictionary.com). Management Perspectives provide an overview of the principles, skills, challenges and the other factors which the managers have to face today. These include the theoretical framework, ideas and techniques which can be applied to day-to-day work of an organization like planning, decision making, leadership, motivation, communication, human resource management, corporate social responsibility, change management and managerial skills and mantras required for effective and efficient working of the organization. It is a proved fact that management is not an action in isolation; it is rather the impact of total environment in which the organization exists. Starting from the management in antiquity to the management in modern times, the different perspectives of management at different points of time can be summed up briefly as under in an integrative manner: An Integrative Framework of Management Perspectives (Source: www.cab.edu.np) 1.3 HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT: Management has always been a part of the nature of man. In its crude form, it has been there from nomads to rulers of various kingdoms. Management as a field of study may be just 125 years old, but management ideas and practices have actually been used from the earliest times of recorded history. For example, 2,500 years before management researchers called it job enrichment, the Greeks learned that they could improve the productivity of boring repetitious tasks by performing them to music. The basic idea was to use a flute, drum, or sing lyrics to pace people to work in unison, using the same efficient motions, to stimulate them to work faster and longer, and to make even a boring work or job interesting and entertaining. While we can find the seeds of many of todays management ideas throughout history, not until the last two centuries, however, did systematic changes in the nature of work and organizations create a compelling need for managers. Examples of management thought and pr actice can be found all through the history (Williams, 2009). This has been shown in the table below. Table-1.1 Management Ideas and Practice throughout History Time Group Contribution to Management Thought and Practice 5000 B.C. Sumerians Record keeping 4000 B.C. Egyptians Recognized the need for planning, organizing, and controlling 2000 B.C. Egyptians Requests submitted in writing. Decisions made after consulting staff for advice 1800 B.C. Hammurabi Established controls by using writing to document transactions and by using witnesses to vouch for what was said or done 600 B.C. Nebucha Production control and wage incentives 500 B.C. Sun Tzu Strategy; identifying and attacking opponents weaknesses 400 B.C. Xenophon Management recognized as a separate art 400 B.C. Cyrus Human relations and motion study 175 Cato Job descriptions 284 Diocletian Delegation of Authority 900 Alfarabi Listed leadership traits 1100 Ghazali Listed managerial traits 1418 Barbarigo Different organizational forms/structures 1436 Venetians Numbering, standardization, and interchangeability of parts 1500 Sir Thomas Critical of poor management More and leadership 1525 Machiavelli Cohesiveness, power, and leadership in organizations (Source: C. S. George, Jr., The History of Management Thought, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1972) Concept of management has undergone a sea change since its inception, as a formal subject, in the early 1900s. From the set of principles evolved the scientific management theory of F. W. Taylor and it played a role as a prominent theory till 1950s. Focus of management then shifted to decision theory. In 1960s, systems orientation emerged. Change and contingency management of 1970s was followed by new approaches to human relations and production quality in the 1980s and archetype management in 1990s. Journey of management thought is depicted briefly in the table below- Table-1.2 Major Classification of Management Approaches and their Contributors Pre-classical Contributors to Management Thought Name Contribution Robert Owen Proposed legislative reforms to improve working conditions of labour Charles Babbage Advocated the concept of division of labour; devised a profit-sharing plan which led to the modern-day Scanlon Plan Andrew Ure and Charles Dupin Advocated the study of management Henry R. Towne Emphasized the need to consider management as a separate field of study and the importance of business skills for running a business. Major Classification of Management Approaches Major Contributors Classical approach Scientific management Frederick W. Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and Henry Gantt Bureaucratic management Max Weber Administrative management Henri Fayol Behavioral approach Group influences Mary Parker Follet Hawthorne studies Elton Mayo Maslows needs theory Abraham Maslow Theory X and Theory Y Douglas McGregor Model I versus Model II values Chris Argyris Quantitative approach Management science Operations management Management information system Modern approaches The Systems Theory Contingency Theory Emerging approaches: Theory Z and Quality management William Ouchi (Source-https://sites.google.com/site/early-approaches-to-management) Under various approaches, management was described from different points of view largely depending on the perspective and background of the management thinker. Koontz identifies eleven approaches to the management concept, which are as follows: The  empirical approach  states that we can understand what management is by determining what contributed to success or failure in specific cases. The  interpersonal behaviour approach  is based on getting things done through people and therefore, management is centered in understanding relationships (psychology). The  group behaviour approach  emphasizes the behaviour of people within groups and thus tends to rely on sociology, anthropology, and social psychology. Often this interest in-group behaviour patterns is named organizational behaviour. The  cooperative social system approach  (organizational theory) combines elements of the interpersonal and group behaviour approaches into a system called the organization where the primary purpose is co-operation. The  socio-technical system approach  adds to the previous approach the dimension of technical systems. It is believed that the machines and methods have a strong influence on the social system and that the task of the manager is to ensure harmony between the social and technical systems. The  decision theory approach  believes that management is characterized by decision making and therefore a systematic approach to decision-making essentially outlines management. The  systems approach  to management, like biological systems, views managements role within an assemblage of subsystems, inputs, and processes within an environment, all of which are interconnected and/or interdependent. This may not be a different approach but is a holistic view of management, providing place for elements of the other approaches to be incorporated. The  management science approach  believes that problems can be described within a mathematical model basic relationships in such a way that the goal may be optimized. The  situational approach  states that, management action depends on the situation taking into account the influence of given actions on the behaviour patterns of individuals and the organization. This is a practical approach, which hints at the art (viz, science) of management. The  managerial roles approach  is based on research by Mintzberg as to the roles (functions) managers fill. The  operational approach  is an attempt to combine elements of all of the above-mentioned approaches, taking what is applicable, discarding that which is not, and developing an approach to management that indicates the complexity and variedness of what is expected of the manager (Koontz, 1980). However, all these approaches are lacking in one aspect or the other. Concept of management has evolved over the years and is an ongoing process; it changes and improves as the environment changes. The discipline of management is just 100 years old. By and large, it is a product of industrial revolution. Hence, its intellectual traditions are rooted in engineering and economics. Later it was influenced by psychology, sociology and other related disciplines. During recent years, yoga, meditation and spirituality have also started influencing the field of management (Sharma, 2006). During the 1990s, the evolution of spirituality and management theories converged and triggered a bold interest in formulating spirituality based theories and research within the academic management domain, resulting in the formulation of a new discipline (Rojas, 2005). In the present epoch, internationally operated organisations are stirring towards holistic approach to management. Holistic approach takes under its ambit the whole organisation, systems, people and culture. Holistic approach can bring better results for modern organisations to deal with complex issues in global environment, because according to Aristotle, whole is more than the sum of its parts (Abbasi, Rehman and Bibi, 2010) 1.4 MANAGEMENT TODAY: People who are making judicious use of available resources and effectively managing to earn high profits and returns are not sure if its worth it. They feel defeated in spite of being successful. The reason is that money is being minted through unethical and immoral means. Industrialists today are doing the right things for their ventures but not necessarily doing things the right way. Indian companies are in a state of flux, more bewilderment, conflict and tension persists in its working and less emphasis is on the issues of productivity, motivation, principles, morals, ideals and ethics. The reason for this state of affairs is too much dependence on western models of management. The management philosophy emanating from the west is based on the lure of materialism and on a perennial thirst for profits, irrespective of the quality of the means adopted to achieve that goal (Bhattathiri, 2001). There is a spurt in corporate scandals since the focus of most business houses is to earn more and more money. Almost every year, it seems, some scandal envelops a Fortune 500 company and causes a new spasm of public distrust of big corporations. This years occurrence probably should not be surprising; in the competitive marketplace, the temptation to cut ethical corners can be hard to resist (Zipkin, 2000). Corporate, do not stop to think and contemplate the effect of their greed on the stakeholders. There is insatiable hunger for success at any cost. In their unquenchable desire for number one position, corporate are becoming ruthless, forgetting their duties towards the society at large. The world today is so corruptible, gullible and materialistic that many corporations and nations operate without a soul conscience. The capitalistic bottom-line of maximizing profits has become the benchmark for purported success, pervading international, regional, national and organizational leve ls (Noor, 2004). Management has been reduced to a handmaid of profiteering. The maximizing of profits becomes the ultimate goal, to the exclusion of all other considerations (Gupta, 2000). We are aware that with its axis on privatization and liberalization, national and world economic order is gradually becoming market oriented and globalised. Capital is todays integrating factor. Those who have or can access to resource stand to benefit from this economy while others are being marginalized (Xavier, 1999). Corporate houses that are becoming aware of their ethical and social responsibilities towards the society are only following the mandatory responsibilities. Contemporary research has found that while around three quarters of major Australian companies believe it is the responsibility of their boards to set an appropriate tone from the top and monitor organizational performance against a formal code of conduct, 84 percent of the companies that has promulgated a code of ethics reported that they did not actually monitor compliance with it (International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2005, KPMG, Australia). This is also the case of companies in many developed as well as developing economies. There is awakening of moral and ethical responsibilities but much more needs to be done at the local and global level. Lately, however, corporate America seems to be doing more than just paying lip service to standards of management behaviour. For all the controversy surrounding the F irestone/Ford tyre recall, and the questions it raises about the potential for corporate wrongdoing, a growing number of big companies are enacting strict ethical guidelines and backing them up with internal mechanisms to enforce them. While some consider the changes little more than window dressing, there is no doubt that change is afoot (Zipkin, 2000). In the present era, corporate sector desires to own workers not humans. Materialism has crept into the roots of the corporate world. Materialistic management has done more harm than good. The capitalist has grown richer, man has been reduced to a hired wage-earner and the consumer has been placed at the mercy of the materialistic manager. There is no sense of belonging, no harmony, no co-operative organisation, no fellow-feeling and the least common approach and perspective (Gupta, 2000). 1.5 NEED TO RECONNECT TO THE ROOTS: There is more to management than just earning profits and more to the role of a manager than achieving the organisational objectives. He has to become the watch dog to see that nothing detrimental is done by the company at the cost of the stakeholders. He has to stay connected to the roots of his religion and culture while performing his job. Sharma (2001) argues that for a management system, to be effective, it has to be rooted in the cultural soil of the country, where it is practiced. Many communities and countries in the world are now trying to discover and explore their own system of management, which includes accounting and financial management, human resource management, corporate governance, and also CSR (Muniapan, 2008). Not only eastern world but the western world of business is also realizing the need to reconnect to the roots of their religion and culture and to infuse their working with morals and ethics. Management thinkers, all over the world, are developing models of management by imbibing insight into their scriptures. These models are becoming powerful catalysts for transformation. A leadership and management paradigm that transcends narrows chauvinism, neo-conservation and jingoism, with a universal, egalitarian and magnanimous approach, is needed (Noor, 2004). Also models are being framed on world leaders with a semblance of altruistic inclinations. To really understand leadership, we need to put our ear to the ground of history and listen carefully to the ragas of human hopes, desires, and aspirations, and the follies, disappointments, and triumphs of those who led and those who followed them. As per the Confucius proverb, a man who reviews the old so as to find out the new is qualified t o teach others. Management needs to be sprinkled with ideals of religion. For the sustainable development of the enterprise the need is to look for long term benefits of all stakeholders, not base decisions for short term benefits to the individuals. The best way out in the situation, is to take shelter under the teaching of the scriptures. In our faith based vision we see God at work in the world and in all creation moving mankind towards a world of justice, peace and love. This is social humanism. Management being a worldly enterprise and part of creation has to position itself in alignment with this divine purpose, our policies and mega plans are to be attuned to this divine plan over percent and active in creation (Xavier, 1999). Various studies have been carried out to study the effect of interplay between management and religion and results depict positive outcome. In a study conducted at the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt by Tan and Vogel (2005), it was noted that trustworthiness inc reases with religiosity and people with higher level of religiosity, are more likely to trust and be trusted in their relationships. In a doctoral study conducted by Werner (2006) found that religious beliefs (Christianity) play an important role in SME business behaviour in both the UK and Germany (Uygur, 2009). Since management is primarily concerned with managing people, managers needs to take guidance of specific magnitude of man-management such as believing and being open to people and their ideas, acknowledging them in various roles of life, serving and loving them. Need of the hour is to develop managers with focus on human excellence comprising competence, conscience and compassionate concern along with academic and technical competencies. The prevalent limited view of education with an exclusive focus on academic excellence and technical competence is fraught with dangers as we can produce people who are advanced intellectually or competent technically but in the meantime remain emotionally underdeveloped and morally and spiritually immature (Xavier, 1999). Ryuzaburo Kaku, Chairman, Canon Inc. in 1988 envisaged the corporate philosophy to begin a new phase in the 50 year old companys evolution. He expressed this philosophy as the achievement of corporate growth and development, with the aim of contributing to global prosperity and the well-being of humankind. This is the idea behind kyosei. According to the concept of kyosei, a corporate should make every effort to create wealth by fair means and, in terms of the distribution of profits; it should play a very active role as a company that assumes global social responsibilities. The view, that kyosei limits competition is way off the mark. Although it is crucial to eliminate unfair competition, kyosei can be seen as being a prerequisite to fair competition between independent corporations. The idea of kyosei was also adopted by the Caux Round Table (CRT), founded in 1986 and named after the Swiss town of Caux where it began meeting. It is an informal group of business leaders from Europe , U.S. and Japan who had the converging experience that corporate business can, without losing performance, act as a tool to provide a better service to society when the goal of serving the common good is not forgotten, let alone rejected. The group wrote its own guidelines for corporate ethical standards based on the Japanese concept of kyosei, which Mr. Ryuzaburu Kaku, chairman of Canon Inc. and most prominent participant in the CRT, translated as living and working together for the common good. The other key word was human dignity, without which the common good can disintegrate into despotism. In fact, both keywords, common good/kyosei and human dignity, could be found in the document of the MCCR (Minnesota Center for Corporate Responsibility). Peter Drucker also stressed that religion can have a positive influence on the world of work and, indeed, on the world at large. Society needs to return to spiritual values-not to offset the material but to make it fully productive, he asserts that we need to reconnect to religion to imbibe compassion and empathy in corporate relationships. Drucker continues, It needs the deep experience that the  Thou  and the  I  are one, which all higher religions share. The concept of whole self is catching up with the corporate world. Religion is considered by many to be a constituent component of human anthropology. The change in orientation by executives and consultants fit well with the present experience economy paradigm, which demands distinctive personal experience for the customers based on endemic human qualities such as human values. Ideally, then, organizational models which allow the whole person to come to work are sought as a means to empower employees and possibly in turn f or those employees to meet unique and personal demands of the customers. For example, Mitroff and Denton (1999) held that companies that have a spiritual dimension and allow the whole person to come to work have employees with higher loyalty, lower absenteeism, and greater creativity (Miller and Ewest, 2010). People working in the corporate sector all over the globe do not want to segregate their life but wish to live a holistic life and bring their whole self to work, including their faith. This concept has been termed as the Faith at Work Movement or Spirituality and Work Movement by David Miller. The worldwide economic crisis elicited in 2008 has strengthened this concept. Religion is present in the workplace as per the researchers and academicians. The need is that they provide the business professionals with a set of universal religious manifestations to allow business professionals to understand, measure, and as appropriate adjust the policies pertaining to the spiritual environment of and impacts on their organization. Max Weber was one of the first thinkers in the modern times to depict the interconnection of religion and management in 1905 but his observations of the affect of religious values on marketplace activity were suppressed due to organizational and economic structures and normative practices but now his ideas have resurfaced. The business world is recognizing the need to integrate faith with work because it encompasses issues such as ethics, leadership, diversity, human rights, and globalism and managers and employees can benefit both corporately as well as personally. 1.6 MANAGEMENT AND OTHER RELIGIONS: The concept of modernization without westernization is catching up with management thinkers, especially in the eastern world. Need is to act globally while staying rooted to the local values, norms and culture. Corporate world in the eastern region is going under the safe haven of religion. All the religions encourage serving the society, promoting the peoples well being and safeguarding the natural resources. Buddhism lays emphasis on ethics, virtuous behaviour, morality and precept. It advocates purity of thought, word, and deed. Christianity is centered on the life and teachings of Jesus from the New Testament. Its teachings call for ethical, spiritual, and just behaviour. Taoism advocates imbibing of three gems of Tao i.e. compassion, moderation, and humility. Islam believes that followers should strive to attain religious and moral perfection. Confucianism focuses on human morality and right action. It is a system of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious t hought. Hinduism preaches: have no personal interest in the event but carry out the duty as the duty of the lord and do not be affected by the results. 1.6.1 Management and Hinduism: Indian economy is today the cynosure of the whole world because of its consistent growth which is leading to augmentation of interest in India, and its culture. As Western world attempts to better understand Indian culture, they may as well unearth that Indias ancient scriptures present insight into cultural customs and values and develop lessons for the corporate world to effectively use in and outside India. It has been reported that many of the top  business  schools in the United States have introduced self-mastery classes using Indian philosophy to help students improve their leadership skills. One of the more popular and useful of the ancient texts is the Bhagavad Gita. Using contextual analysis, this paper explores the leadership implications found in this classic text, and offers present day managers useful advice, regardless of their cultural orientation (Rarick and Nickerson, 2009). It was felt by the Indian Management thinkers that the western models needed certain modifications for implementation in the Indian Environment. Western model advocated the concept of knowledge worker whereas Indian model calls for the concept of wisdom worker. Depending completely on the western model might lead to success with stress and tension while in Indian model of management, success is accompanied with harmon